Robert Frost Home Burial - The Three Tragedies of Home...

The Three Tragedies of Home Burial Robert Frost’s Home Burial is a narrative poem that speaks of life’s tragedies. The theme of Home Burial† centers around the death of a child. During the time period in which the poem is set, society dictated that men did not show their feelings. Therefore, men dealt with conflicts by working hard and being domineering. Home Burial demonstrates how one tragedy can cause another to occur. The unnamed couple in this poem has lost a baby to death. The mother grieves openly, and it could be said that she has never recovered from this loss; bereaved parents never forget, but most people in this position gradually work out a way of dealing with their grief, and go on with their lives.†¦show more content†¦And at very end of the poem, he ask, Where do you mean to go? First tell me that. / I’ll follow and bring you back by force. I will! (21-22). In between he seems sincerely anxious to learn how to communicate with his wife, and he ask for her help, but there is a tremendous wall of resentment in her way. The man has indeed been insensitive to his wife’s grief and singularly slow in divining the cause and extent of her resentment (Barry 77). One grants that the husband is considerably less than tactful, but he has spoken from deep stress and anxiety. The wife, on the other hand, is going through an extremely difficult time emotionally and she needs support and compassion, which she does not feel she is getting from her husband. Twice during the poem she starts to leave the house, and twice the husband delays her, by asking her not to Amy! Don’t go to someone else this time. / Don’t carry it to someone else this time. (39 and 57). At first the reader might assume she is having and affair, but in the context of the poem it seems more likely that she is going simply to a friend or a relative, probably a woman, to discuss with them the topic she cannot bring herself to broach her own husband. Struggling to restrain himself, the husband sits down, speaking and reflecting on the fact that his wife goes to other people with her troubles instead of discussing them with him (Marcus 47). At lastShow MoreRelatedAnalysis of Home Burial1496 Words   |  6 PagesRobert Owen Marjory Thrash Eng 1123 V02 13 April 2009 Analysis of â€Å"Home Burial† Many of Robert Frost’s poems and short stories are a reflection of his personal life and events. Frost’s short story â€Å"Home Burial† emulates his experience living on a farm and the death of two of his sons. Frost gives an intimate view into the life and mind of a married couples’ struggle with grief and the strain it causes to their marriage. The characters Frost describes are synonymous, physically and emotionally,Read MoreAnalysis Of Robert Frost s Home Burial And The Death Of The Hired Man 2384 Words   |  10 Pages THESIS STATEMENT Robert Frost, an American poet during the Nineteenth Century, Modernist Era, displayed the issues of realism through his life issues of death and spousal relations through his poems: â€Å"Home Burial† and â€Å"The Death of the Hired Man†. INTRODUCTION Robert Frost’s inspiration for his poetry derived from much of his life and the historical events that surrounded him. American literary critic, Harold Bloom wrote in his Bloom’s Major Poets, â€Å"Robert Frost is one of the major American poets†¦inRead MoreRobert Frost s Life Through Poetry1745 Words   |  7 PagesMarch 23, 2016 Robert Frost Reflects Life Through Poetry It is easy to express your emotions, and feelings through poetry. Which is exactly what Robert Frost has done through his entire career. Each poem Robert Frost has written, has meaning behind it all. He has gone through an extreme amount of events, and tragedies in his life. Frost has been through an unimaginable amount of losses, deaths, and loneliness throughout his years. Throughout his life his poetry has had a huge impact on him, the situationsRead MoreComparison and Contrast How Death Effects Lives of Men and Women671 Words   |  3 Pagesthis factor is missing in a couples relationship they will not be able to recover from this tragedy, and it will have further negative effects such as separation and stress. The poem, Home Burial, is a clear example of how the couple could not recover from the loss of their child due to the lack of communication. In spite of the fact that the characters in the poem are imaginary people, Robert Frost portrayed his personal life events in thos e characters lives. The unexpected death of a childRead MoreThe Poems Home Burial By Robert Frost And The River Merchant s Wife1097 Words   |  5 PagesThe poems Home Burial by Robert Frost and The River Merchant’s Wife: A Letter by Ezra Pound have related themes. In both poems, the themes that are brought out by these renowned poets have a similar discourse. Home burial is a poem that centers on a wife and her husband who are in agony after losing their first child. The wife is agitated and is on the brink of going out of marriage. She dislikes the apathy in which her husband views the death of their first born. On the other hand, the husband isRead MoreEssay on An Assessment of the Poetry of Robert Frost2857 Words   |  12 Pages beauty and innocence in human life is much the same as the years progress. Robert Lee Frost uses nature in such a profound approach; every aspect of nature can someway correlate with any characteristic of life. Whether it is the beauty in natu re signifying the joy and happiness that every person experiences, or it be the traumatic losses and disappointments that may lead to ultimate failure or destruction, Robert Frost illustrates life, love and loss in the most natural and beautiful way feasibleRead MoreLangston Hughes Research Paper25309 Words   |  102 Pagestaunted him on the way home from school, but many new friends defended him. In school, Langston became a popular leader because he made excellent grades and got along with everyone. Soon, Carrie left Langston with Grandmother Mary again so that she could look for work. Meals at Grandmother Marys often consisted of nothing more than salt pork and dandelion greens plucked from the yard. When a mortgage payment came due, and there was no food in the house, she rented her home to college students.Read MoreThe Ballad of the Sad Cafe46714 Words   |  187 PagesThe Ballad of the Sad Cafà © and Other Stories by Carson McCullers Back Cover: When she was only twenty-three her first novel, The Heart Is A Lonely Hunter, created a literary sensation. She is very special, one of America s superlative writers who conjures up a vision of existence as terrible as it is real, who takes us on shattering voyages into the depths of the spiritual isolation that underlies the human condition. A grotesque human triangle in a primitive Southern town. . . A youngRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 PagesETHICS 485 The Tylenol Tragedies 487 14 MANAGING SCOPE CHANGES 515 Denver International Airport (DIA) 517 15 WAGE AND SALARY ADMINISTRATION 561 Photolite Corporation (A) 563 Photolite Corporation (B) 566 Photolite Corporation (C) 569 Photolite Corporation (D) 574 First Security Bank of Cleveland Jackson Industries 583 580 16 TIME MANAGEMENT 587 Time Management Exercise 589 17 INDUSTRY SPECIFIC: CONSTRUCTION 613 Robert L. Frank Construction CompanyRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesIntuition 175 †¢ Common Biases and Errors in Decision Making 177 Influences on Decision Making: Individual Differences and Organizational Constraints 184 Individual Differences 184 †¢ Organizational Constraints 186 What About Ethics in Decision Making? 187 Three Ethical Decision Criteria 187 †¢ Improving Creativity in Decision Making 188 Summary and Implications for Managers 190 S A S A S A L L L Self-Assessment Library What Are My Gender Role Perceptions? 166 glOBalization! Chinese Time, North American

Evaluation Of A Case Study - 1571 Words

Analysis of a case study Background information about this client in this case study is as followers. The patient is a 30 year old female who has been experiencing signs and symptoms of weakness, numbness, visual disturbances and mood swings over for couple months now. Since client symptoms were becoming a repetition, so CT test was done and the result confirmed a demyelination of the white matter of brain and spinal cord, helping the doctor to conclude this is a factor to why the client is experiences this neurological deficits. Client doctor prescribed her Prednisone which has a positive affect helping to confirm the client diagnosis of Multiple Sclerosis. Researchers have concluded that Multiple Sclerosis occurs whereby the†¦show more content†¦The Client symptoms confirm that she is experiencing a Relapsing Remitting. Physiology Individual body functions with the nervous system. The nervous system is divided into two parts, central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system. The central nervous system consists of brain and spinal cord while the peripheral nervous system consists of the nerves, such as cranial nerves. The cranial nerves job is to connect the central nervous system to the different types of organs in the body. Our neurons consist of cells which hold the genetic information needed to make protein. Dendrites receive impulses from other cells at the synapses and transmit them to the cell body. Axons carry outgoing information to target cells. Neuron has only one axon that includes Axon Hillock. Axon Hillock is the originate place for action potential; Axon collaterals are the branches of axon; Axon terminals which are the sites of neurotransmitter release myelin sheath. The body neuron usually generates an electrical signal and this result in the release of neurotransmitter. The neurotransmitter purpose is to serve as a chemical messenger that enables cell communication among other cells. Myelin sheath is insulation that wraps around the each axon for about 20 to 200 times. Their segments are significantly separated from each other by node of Ranvier, and the Myelin sheath function to increase the conduction velocity of action potentials. Myelin can be produce in either the CNS or the

Conduct a Mkt Audit free essay sample

StrategyPg. 11 Marketing Organisation AuditPg. 11 Formal StructurePg. 11 Functional EfficiencyPg. 11 Interface EfficiencyPg. 12 Marketing System AuditPg. 12 Marketing System InformationPg. 12 Marketing Planning SystemPg. 12 Marketing Control SystemPg. 12 New Product Development SystemPg. 12 Marketing Productivity AuditPg. 13 Profitability AnalysisPg. 13 Cost-Effectiveness AnalysisPg. 13 Marketing Function AuditPg. 13 ProductsPg. 13 PricePg. 13 DistributionPg. 13 Sales ForcePg. 14 AdvertisingPg. 14 Conclusions and RecommendationsPg. 14 Report Title:Sarto’s Gourmet Plaza Prepared for:This report was prepared for Sarto’s Gourmet Plaza Prepared by: The report was prepared by a research company, in company with Ready-Made Marketing. Date:This report was completed in December 2008 Purpose of Report:Ready-made marketing engages a conduct a marketing audit on their client, Sarto’s Gourmet Pasta. The audit is to cover macro and micro environmental factors, and the internal marketing operations including the marketing organisation, systems and productivity. Sarto’s will make available existing research data, internal sales data and details of their supply chain logistics. The purpose of this audit is to research the Graceville trading area and its place in the wider Australian community, while specifically targeting the pasta restaurant trade. Priority of the audit is to uncover the key factors that have inhibited the client’s ability to achieve the objectives of the market plan. The audit is to make findings in relation to the marketing plan, culminating in a report that compares the marketing plan assumptions with actual findings. It is expected that the report will follow the outline of the marketing plan. Macro Environmental Factors Economic Factors| Based on economic forecasts, Sarto’s Gourmet Pasta assumes that interest rates are coming down and that this reduction will create more disposable income and more money available for families to eat out. In terms of available credit, Sarto’s assumes that this will not change in the foreseeable future and will not be a threat to the potential sales. The same assumption is made about employment levels, where Sarto’s assumes that unemploymentlevels remain the same at 5. 1%. | Demographic Factors| Male and female. * Ages 25? 0, this is the segment that makes up 53% of the Graceville market according to the Graceville Chamber of Commerce. * Young professionals who live close to the location. * Have attended secondary and have further education. * An income over $60,000. The target market tends to eat out several times a week and also tend to patronize higher quality restaurants. | Technological Factors| Non Applicable| Soc ial Factors| The number of hours of the demographic is working is increasing. Over the last five years the number of hours spent at work of their archetype customer has significantly increased. As the number of work hours increases, there is a high correlation of people that eat out at restaurants. This is intuitively explained by the fact that with a limited number of hours available each day, people have less time to prepare their meals and eating out is one way to maximize their time. | Political – Legal Factors| From research carried out, Sarto’s identify that the government focus and emphasis in future legislative direction will be about ‘work/life balance’, which Sarto’s see a positive for their business model. Sarto’s, as a business operating in Australia, will abide by the law in all its dealings and comply with legislation that impacts on its business activities. | Micro Environmental Factors Market| In 2008, the global pasta market reached $10 billion dollars. Pasta sales are estimated to grow by at least 10% for the next few years. This growth can be attributed to several different factors. While not all pasta is ‘good for you’, particularly the cream? based sauces, pasta can be very tasty. Sarto’s sees no real substitute for what it provides – ‘Impossible to substitute this taste and offer’, according to Sarto’s owner and founder, M. Sarto. | Customers| High customer loyalty among repeat customers. The reason for this trend is that within the last couple of years the restaurant offerings have increased, providing customers with new choices. Restaurant patrons no longer need toaccept a limited number of options. With more choices, patrons have become more sophisticated. This trend is intuitive as you can observe a more sophisticated restaurant patron in larger city markets such as Sydney or Melbourne where there are more choices available. Sarto’s strongly believe that customers are more interested in exotic taste than any other issue. This will be why they shop with them and become loyal patrons. | Competitors| Apart of the national competitors, Sarto’s have the local competitors where this audit is based:Stella: This is an upscale Italian restaurant that has a limited selection of pasta dishes. Although, the selection is limited and pricey, the dishes are quite good. Peri Pasta: An Italian restaurant with a decent pasta selection, however quality is inconsistent. Niccolo: An upscale restaurant with a large wine selection and good salads. Everything else is mediocre at best and over-priced. Service can often be poor. Sarto’s do not see the competitor changing their marketing strategy or product offer in the foreseeable future. | Suppliers| Ready supply of organic food in the area not like other states| Distributors / Dealers| Non applicable| Scope of the Report: Audit Type:It is and internal and external, to cover macro and micro environmental factors, including the marketing operations, marketing system and productivity as well. Timing:While the marketing plan is in action. It’s expected that the report will follow the outline of the marketing plan. Personnel: Name| Role| Information| 1. Mario Sarto| Owner of Sarto’s Gourmet Plaza| Who could provide reasons behind the decisions and directions given| 2. Eric Yeung| Accountant of Sarto’s Gourmet Plaza| Who could provide financial data on costings and profiability| 3. Adriana Como| Sales amp; Promotion of Sarto’s Gourmet Plaza| Who could helpt with the internal operational problems with the marketing process. | 4. Rose Ready| Owner of Ready-Made Marketing| Who provided the marketing plan and research data for use in the audit report. | Audit Methodology: The best way for collecting data in this case is the primary collection, trough questionnaires, interviews, observations and focus groups to underlying reasons and motivations for people’s attitudes in order to Sarto’s Gourmet objectives and expectations. However, the secondary data collection is also an important source of information regards to competitors from Graceville. Having access at Restaurant Association, we can have qualitative data with competitive analyses. As a quantitative data, we find timely information regarding others restaurants with the same service offering. Characteristics of the Audit: Marketing Environment Audit: Macro Environment: Economic Factors| This element is necessary, because could explain to this report if the way of spending money of the customers is still the same as predicted in the marketing plan or if there was any changes in their income and needs. | Demographic Factors| Yes, it was necessary to cross the data about the target market. | Technological Factors| Yes, looked through research reports from Australian Treasury trends and information about current levels of credit availability, and innovations about packages could be found. Social Factors| Yes, it was necessary in terms of attitudes and values which affects their relationship with the Sarto’s Gourmet Plaza. | Political – legal Factors| As the same situations as technological factors, previous researches was found in terms of employees conditions. Mario also spoke about the fact that the government had not built the ‘Park amp; Ride’ pa rking area as planned and had stopped the project for another year. This Mario said had a big impact on people having access to the restaurant at night. | Micro Environment: Market| No changes in the market were found. | Customers| According to the focus group, there was a consensus among the participants about the preference in take away and eat at home than eat out. | Competitors| Mario Sarto explained that Stella’s, one of his local competitors, had built a large 30 seat outdoor eating area and that it seemed to be full every time he went past and looked in. Also one of the franchise chains, Pasta Bite, had opened up in the adjacent suburb giving the local customers greater options in pasta. | Suppliers| It wasn’t necessary. | Distributors / Dealers| It wasn’t necessary. | Marketing Strategy Audit: Marketing Objectives| Yes, to outline the report audit with the marketing objectives intended in the marketing plan. | Strategy| Yes, it was important for identifying and analysing the target market, and determining how to meet the need of the market. For example, the great customer service is not being reached as planned for Sarto’s. | Marketing Organisation Audit: Formal Structure| Yes, it was necessary for the audit report. When talked with Rose Ready of Ready-Made Marketing, she spoke for a while about Ready-Made Marketing’s role with the owner Mario Sarto and the fact that he made all the decisions relating to the marketing, and mostly without any consultation with them. Rose accepted the position but feel that it was not always in the best interests of Sarto’s business or its customers. Adriana was in charge of the sales and promotions for Sarto’s but worked as a supervisor in the kitchen as well. She admitted that her skills and qualifications were more in kitchen management than sales, but Mario had asked her to carry out this function. Functional Efficiency| Yes, it was necessary for the audit report. According to the Rose, for instance, Mario had rejected the idea of converting the take away ordering system to the new internet based technology. Her own experience was that the staffs, while being very competent cooks, were not skilled in telephone sales anyway. | Interface Eff iciency| Yes, it was necessary for the audit report. Adriana said one of the biggest problems was that the phone ordering system was constructed in the kitchen next to the cook with the most responsibility to compile and check every meal. She said it created real logistics problems in dealing with take away orders. | Marketing System Audit: Marketing System Information| As seen in this marketing audit, Ready-Made Marketing use some of the following reports to obtain findings on the demographic, economic, ethical, geographic, political/legal/, social/cultural, technological influences. In a comment about new product development, Adriana Como explained that there were was plenty of research available in the Restaurant Association’s monthly magazine, but Mario just left that for magazine for the staff in the lunch room and never consulted it. Marketing Planning System| Yes, it was necessary for the report. For example when Sarto’s had to drop the prices on pasta products due to two other competitors close to him, giving the local customers greater options in pasta. | Marketing Control System| Yes, it was also necessary, however, no one efficiently control system was found. | New Product Development System| According to the marketing plan, new products would be developed on a regular basis in thine with menu changes which is targeted at every three months. The plan for product testing is to offer ‘free meals’ to regular customers, staff and their families. By getting feedback from these people, changes can be made or products ‘canned’ so that only tested and proven products make it onto the menu list. However, new products were developed based on Mario’s assessment of how exotic the new product was or how easy it was to make. Mario felt that testing new products by giving them away was too costly and counterproductive to increasing sales. | Marketing Productivity Audit: Profitability Analysis| According to the financial analysis from 2009 the take away business was really growing and not the family group specials that Mario was targeting with his advertising in Bmag. Segment Budget – 2009 Actual – 2009 Individuals 120,000 121,000 Families 150,000 112,000 Take away 180,000 203,000 Total 450,000 436,000 | Cost – Effectiveness Analysis| With the prices on pasta dropped down, the accountant said that pasta gross profit % was only 45%. Mario explained that his strategy to deal with the slow sales was to make the flyers more single product promotion rather than promoting the band and the assortment offer. As far as Mario was concerned advertising and promotion should be directed at getting next week’s sales and nothing more. When Mario spoke about the flyer, Eric said that there had been a huge increase in flyer unit costs. He believed it was the short print runs and the use of full gloss colour that was causing it. Mario explained that he needed the high gloss to show his pasta to the best advantage and short print runs because he was offering different ‘specials’ every week. | Marketing Function Audit: Products| Yes, it was necessary and according with this audit, there was no complaining about the product offered by Sarto’s Gourmet. According to the focus group from the local community, the group want convenience products and more healthy options. | Price| Yes, it was necessary. According to the focus group, some customers questioned the ethics of Sarto’s Gourmet Pasta, who charged more for delivery into the neighbouring ‘gated estate’ than to every other home delivery customer. | Distribution| Sarto’s food distributed through a take away model where customers can phone in their order and come to the restaurant to pick it up, come into the restaurant, place the take out order and wait for it to be completed, or come in and dine at the restaurant. However, according to the focus group, customers want to order via the internet and not be stressed out by the phone system with its delays and difficult to understand accents and noise. | Sales Force| When the group was asked about it, they had commented: â€Å"They may be great cooks, but they don’t know how to handle telephone sales†. | Advertising| According to the marketing plan, the most successful advertising would be adverts and inserts in the BMag as well as a PR campaign of informational articles and reviews also within the BMag. Promotions would be taken the form of in restaurant entertainment and ‘free meal’ giveaways. Heavy emphasis on promoting the brand and not just advertising products. As Rose Ready from Ready-Made Marketing, there was no write up of the business at all for the entire first year, and she indicated that Mario believed that all the business needed was the delivery of regular flyers in local letterboxes, but according to Rose the feedback from the surveys showed that the majority of customers thought that flyers were mostly junk mail anyway. | Conclusions and Recommendations: In conclusion, the main points of the report are about: * The customers preference in take away and eat at home rather than eat out, which is different from what was explained in the marketing plan. * The take away business is more profitable than the individuals and families products. * Customers want to order via the internet and not be stressed out by the phone system with its delays and difficult to understand accents and noise. * It would be necessary to convert the take away ordering system to the new internet based technology. Customers prefer fewer flyers which they saw as ‘junk mail’, and the flyer should be more informative about the ingredients and offer a full menu. According to these statements, in the near future, Sarto’s Gourmet Plaza should improve their take away system for an internet base and also create an organogram with roles and responsibilities for each area. Who would be responsible to look after the kitche n, for the marketing and sales and also to coordinate the only take away orders. Also, an appropriate and often way of advertising the products is need. According to the marketing plan, Sarto’s Gourmet Plaza should advertise at BMag magazine, as well as a PR campaign of informational articles and reviews. The use of research data should be used before take any decisions. Another important point is the way to develop new products. The plan for product testing should be followed by offering ‘free meals’ to regular customers, staff and their families and getting real feedbacks, instead of be developed by Mario Sarto’s opinion of how easy is to make it or how exotic it could looks like.

The Role of Women in the US Society of the 17th century

Introduction The role of women in society is a subject that has been in the debating chambers for a long time since women started agitating for equal rights with men. Feminists have conducted a strong campaign over this period to put women on the same plane as men due to the major inequalities that exist between the two genders.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Role of Women in the American Society of the 17th century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Society has been divided for a long time along gender lines, with men coming up as the stronger gender overall while women come in second as the weaker gender. The gender divide has been defined by the physical strength of both genders, with the stronger one dominating the weaker class. Physical strength in both men and women is attributed to physiological features of either gender, with men coming out on top. This has traditionally set the pace for roles in society as men take the difficult tasks while women assume the lesser difficult tasks. However, the situation is changing with time, with the divide of gender roles getting thinner and thinner by the day. The present-day woman has many more roles that were initially meant for men. The trend shows a departure from the past. The America of the seventeenth century brings out the evolution of a woman’s role by showing how the world has been working hard to break from the past punitive laws that suppressed the woman. As the paper reveals, the role of women in America was then a replica of the role of other women especially in Britain where it was well documented. The American experience was the first crack in breaking from the past. The Place of Women in the 17th Century At Home During the 17th century, the woman’s role was strictly defined to the sense that women were subordinate to men while at home. A girl who was not married belonged to her father while a woman who was married belonged to her husband (Ben-Yehuda 2). Women in America had a role in keeping the home and/or being responsible for the home when men had gone out either to hunt, to fight in war, or to meet fellow men in their drinking joints. As Ben-Yehuda finds, the experiences of the seventeenth century American woman were not too far from those of the European woman in terms of societal responsibilities and treatment (2). The woman was responsible for taking care of the children during their young age by being responsible for all their day-to-day needs. During this time, there was no place for children around men because the children were the responsibility for women. They were supposed to ensure that the whole family and children had enough meals. The woman had a great responsibility in the kitchen where she was in charge of preparing meals. On the other hand, men had a role in the bigger picture of securing food for the family in terms of going to the farm, herding animals, and h unting.Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More When the man came home from the fields, he would give whatever food he has come back with to the woman who would then prepare it as the day’s meal or preserve it for future use. Dressmaking was a preserve of women during the 17th century America. To this extent, all girls were taught in their early ages how to knit. Girls were trained during their young ages while at home by their mothers on how to become good women, and hence good wives. According to Fara, most girls in families lacked the education their brothers had because they had been taught the domestic skills that their parents felt were necessary for attracting a wealthy husband (53). The seventeenth century saw the role of the American woman adjust compared to that of the European woman because the American woman acquired more roles in society together with a little bit m ore liberty during this period. However, this did not lead to a complete change. In fact, the little change observed can be attributed to the fact that America was a haven for liberal minds that had moved away to express their liberal thinking. Acts such as witch-hunting against women did not stop because the largest proportion of people accused of witchcraft was women (Ben-Yehuda 15). Women were supposed to be subservient to their men while at home and anywhere else because the man of the home was referred to as the master. The most interesting bit about gender roles is that they are universal since they have been spread around the world like a common law for all humanity. Almost all roles played by women at home were replicated all over the world without any form of communication, thus coming out as a natural phenomenon (Zaher 462). Many communities in the world have abandoned their traditional practices that used to define gender roles by opening up to giving women more freedom a nd more roles that were previously the preserve of men. The traditional 17th century America depicts the role of the woman at home as a cook and a house cleaner. The most significant role of women in the American society at that time was giving birth to children because by so doing they were providing an heir to the man. The man could not act as the head of the family if his wife has not born him children since children were a source of pride for both the man and woman. Childbirth as a natural role of a woman was an event that was celebrated. It was not done in the privacy. During childbirth, other women came to witness it as some kind of spectacle. The pressure on a woman to have children can be traced from the day the woman was married because the community would start counting days since then as they expected her to conceive immediately after she got married. Other women and the community as a whole would always spite a barren woman. She would be shunned at public places such as market places where people would go to buy their household goods. In most instances, the woman of the 17th century America had the burden of carrying the blame even when it was not her fault. When a marriage could not produce a child, the woman was always blamed to the extent of being called a witch (Ben-Yehuda 12). The woman in this era was supposed to be unblemished in her ways. Adultery was a shameful and punishable offence.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on The Role of Women in the American Society of the 17th century specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Just like the Muslim society, the man in the adulterous act was never followed up as it was done to the woman. Thus, the burden of chastity was on the woman to bear. The law governing an American woman in the seventeenth century was the same law that was being used in Britain from where most American immigrants had come in their pursuit of a different lif e. The American woman was more liberal compared to the British woman. However, her life was supposed to be confined to her home under her husband. America of the seventeenth century relied heavily on the English common law because it was on this basis that lawyers were trained and ready to exercise their law by studying the Blackstone’s commentaries. Under this British imported law, a woman’s ownership of property was limited to her marital status (Zaher 461). A widow was allowed to inherit the property left behind by her husband. She would become the administrator of the estate in case her husband passed on. A single woman and a widow were identified as entities on their own. Thus, they could sell property, enter contracts, sue, and/or be sued. Married women could not enjoy these rights because they were supposed to be under their husbands. Thus, anything owned in the home would belong to their husbands and not the wife. America’s laws varied over different per iods. Thus, women had varied roles during the different periods and in the different respective places (Zaher 461). Therefore, the role of a woman in the seventeenth century America cannot be painted in a single color because it was mosaic in nature. When comparing the role of women in America then with the role of women in Britain during the same period, American women’s roles come out more expanded than that of their British counterparts. The Religious Role of Women Religion had a very special role in society because it defined the moral fabric that informed societal ethics. During this period, Christianity was the main religion in Europe and in America to where people were migrating. Christianity was divided into Catholicism and protestant groups, which had very bold lines between them. The society then was informed in its ethical values by the bible, which advocated for people who observed chastity. Women were expected to be chaste in their moral behavior because the bibl e advised so even in the case of Mary the mother of Jesus who was supposed to be the role model for women in society. The woman’s role in religious matters was highly restricted, with women simply playing a peripheral role. In catholic societies, the closest women who came into religious leadership or affairs were through the catholic nuns whose work was simply to assist the priests in conducting the mass. Beyond this, they were highly restricted in their work and movement. Ben-Yehuda reveals, â€Å"Women were cast as either powerful instruments of God or Satan† (15).Advertising Looking for research paper on history? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Women had a role in upholding societal values that would be transferred to their children as future members of society because upbringing of children was a gender role bestowed on women by society (Coontz 289). Furthermore, during this period, the definition of a woman was based on the bible, with the woman being referred to as the weaker vessel that was supposed to submit to the man (Coontz 289). Christian theology of that the time required women to submit to the guidance of men because women were supposedly powerless and that they could not stand by themselves. The American society of the seventeenth century was a religious community that was guided in many things by the bible due to its Christian leanings. Zaher quotes the book of Genesis chapter three verse six, which says that a woman â€Å"shall be for her husband who shall rule over her† (461). This simply shows where the society was borrowing its leaf while dealing with women. The protestant churches were more restric tive in the roles of women in religion because they were not allowed to play any roles in the church other than singing during the service. Women were required o go to church every Sunday. Besides, they were supposed to dress according to the occasion because the dressing defined them. Women were subjected to all kinds of punishment during this period as a way of putting them on a leash (Coontz 289). The ones who did not go to church regularly were branded witches. In the church, the woman’s role was found in cleaning up the church in preparation for the next day’s service. It was the duty of the women in society to ensure that the church was cleaned and/or put in order. Public Role for Women The seventeenth century American woman was subordinate to the man in all aspects of society because the society then was masculine in nature. This spelt dominance of the man over the woman. Women had a very limited role in the public arena in terms of leadership or even speech bec ause they had to play a secondary role to men. Women enjoyed few rights. They were restricted to gender roles as prescribed by society, which restricted them to domestic circles or to remain in private spheres (Zaher 462). Leadership roles were a preserve for men who had been exposed to leadership roles since they were children. Men had the advantage of having education provided by tutors. This education was not for everyone but for children from the well-to-do families. The children of less privileged families had to train early as apprentices as a way of learning how to take care of their families. Whereas boys had tutors hired for them to provide education to the boy, girls had their mothers to train them at home in cooking, needlework, and washing. Some women had their public roles extended in ownership of businesses that they would run at the market place or help their husbands in running the family business. As Zaher informs, â€Å"Women frequently entered the trade arena in colonial America and became craftspeople and merchants† (461). Some women practiced midwifery and medicine, but were not qualified as doctors. They would administer medicine to the sick due to their knowledge of medicine. Women’s appearance in public was also designed because it depended on an individual’s class in society for them to appear in certain forums. The wives of the aristocrats were supposed to accompany their husbands to public functions and were supposed to be dressed accordingly. Women’s opinion in the public sphere had to be restricted because they would be in dire danger if they ever expressed their contrary views publicly especially if the views were political and/or contrary to their husbands’ views. Expression of views was therefore restricted to behind-the-scenes especially if the views questioned the societal stereotyping and beliefs. The seventeenth century America saw women lose their voting rights in all states of America. Th us, they could not participate in political processes (Coontz 293). The most opportunities women had in expressing themselves and more so secretly were through writing of poems. As Fara finds, Tollet used poems and other literary works to express women’s state as a way of hiding her identity (55). This was just among the few literate women who were lucky to get an education. The public role of a woman in the seventeenth century highly depended on her marital status. Married women were never supposed to take public roles because they were automatically under their husbands. The husband was everything for the family while the wife was only supposed to take care of the home and hence the private face of the family. Widowed and/or single women were free from these shackles. Thus, they could express their opinions in public because they were an entity on their own (Zaher 462). The problem with this kind of freedom of expression that these women had acquired was that it would simpl y expose them to malicious accusations from chauvinistic men who would brand them anything, thus leading to their imprisonment or execution. Therefore, taking up public roles by American women of the 17th century was dangerous to their welfare because of the hostile nature of the society. Conclusion The seventeenth Century can be described as one of the periods in history that women faced some of the hardest times concerning their rights. The role of women in the American society has not changed a lot because people have opted to stick to the gender roles as prescribed by society. The paper has given a clear picture of the kind of life that women of the 17th century encountered together with their roles and position in the then American families. The present-day Europe and America still reel in gender roles and stereotyping, which depicts the true picture of the situation on the ground. Affirmative action has been employed selectively as a way of empowering women, thus changing some of the roles that society has given them and/or giving them new roles. In fact, law resolutions of women’s rights in 1632 can be described as the biggest undoing factor for women because it entrenched into the written laws what were previously unwritten, thus disenfranchising them. Men made all laws that control women while they both enforced them. Therefore, women can be described as a self-persecuting group because they would always be on the forefront in watching over the fellow women. Works Cited Ben-Yehuda, Nachman. â€Å"The European Witch Craze Of The 14th To 17th Centuries: A Sociologist’s Perspective.† American Journal of Sociology 86.1(1980): 1-31. Print. Coontz, Stephanie. â€Å"Historical Perspectives on Family Studies.† Journal of Marriage and the Family 6.2 (2000): 283-297. Print. Fara, Patricia. â€Å"Elizabeth Tollet and her Scientific Sisters.† History Today 9.4(2009): 52-59. Print. Zaher, Claudia. When a Woman’s Marital St atus Determined Her Legal Status: A Research Guide on Common Law Doctrine of Coverture. Law Library Journal 94.3(2002): 459-486. Print. This research paper on The Role of Women in the American Society of the 17th century was written and submitted by user Ivy H. to help you with your own studies. 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