Wednesday, July 31, 2019

Indian It Industry by Ipott Essay

The Indian software exports, as is well known, have grown from less than $100 million before 1990 to over $5 billion in 2000. What is not well known is that revenue per person per year has grown from less than $20,000 to over $50,000 in most large companies in the last five years. This is not simply due to ‘inflation’. Though the industry is still focused on tapping the huge software services market, most of the big players have moved from lower value services to higher value services. In the early days, the service was primarily providing technical manpower, which later moved to providing low-value services like coding and testing. Now Indian companies are operating even at the top end of the spectrum in terms of technology (Corba, Java, E-commerce, etc.) or the services (complete business solutions, consultancy, strategy, etc.). The high rates they command is an indication of the perceived value in the eyes of the customer of the services they provide. The amazing story of the Indian software industry has spread far and wide. Not only the developed countries but also other countries are equally impressed by the performance of the industry. From the presentations that representatives of various Asian and Latin American countries made in a recent workshop in China on ‘IT industry in developing countries’, it is evidently clear that many developing countries today want to emulate the Indian success story. Within India, however, many people continue to view the industry’s success with a mixture of admiration and skepticism. There is a lingering fear or doubt in the minds of many about whether the industry is inherently strong or is it just tapping a window of opportunity which will soon be tapped by other Asian countries with large population and better infrastructure. Given the state of almost everything else in the country, such doubts are not unreasonable. However, India Software Inc has developed some solid strengths that will continue to serve it well, and which will not be easy to emulate by others. We at iPOTT (www.ipott.com) initiated a SWOT, gathering information and opinion from the market. The summed up information is very beneficial for the understanding of the INDIAN SOFTWARE MARKET.

Young Goodman Brown: Nathaniel Hawthorne

â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† was written in year of 1835 by Nathaniel Hawthorne, who is identified for being one of literature's most fascinating interpreters of seventeenth-century Puritan culture. A literary device is a method that creates a definite influence in writing. Literary devices are found all throughout Young Goodman Brown, such as theme, motif, and symbol. There are many different themes shown throughout the story of Young Goodman Brown. From the moment he enters the enigmatic forest, Young Goodman Brown expresses his fear of being there, and to him it is a place where nothing upright is probable.Young Goodman Brown, similar to other Puritans, relates the forest with wild Indians and thinks he sees them hiding behind the trees. Young Goodman Brown has strong faith that evil could definitely exist in the woods. â€Å"Evil is the nature of mankind. Evil must be your only happiness† (Hurley 1). Young Goodman Brown ultimately sees evil in himself, just as he had predicted. He believes of it as a matter of corruption that is not the tradition of his family and friends. They would certainly not have strolled in the forest by choice, and Young Goodman Brown is distraught when evil insists otherwise.He is humiliated to be seen walking in the woods and hides when the minister and Deacon pass by. The woods are considered evil, scary, and gloomy, and Young Goodman Brown is at ease in the woods when he has given in to the devil. One of the motifs in the story of Young Goodman Brown is female purity. When Young Goodman Brown leaves Faith at the opening of the story, he promises that after this evening of devilish activities, he will grasp onto her skirts and soar to paradise.From the time and setting of this story, the idea was that a man’s wife or mother will convert him and prepare the work of true spiritual faith for the entire family was a popular one. Young Goodman Brown adheres to the impression of Faith’s purity during the cour se of his trials in the woods, blasphemy that as long as Faith rests holy, he can find it in himself to fight the devil. When Young Goodman Brown discovers that Faith is present at the service, it alters every one of his thoughts about what is moral or immoral in the universe, losing his power and capability to fight (Baym 1).Female purity was an influential idea in Puritan New England, and men trusted on women’s faith to sustain on their own. When Faith’s purity is demolished in the eyes of Goodman Brown, he fails to fight evil and use his faith. One of the main symbols in this story is the pink ribbons that Faith places in her cap that signifies her purity. The color pink is linked with virtue, and ribbons are known as a modest and innocent embellishment. Hawthorne references Faith’s pink ribbons numerous times at the opening of the story, instilling her personality with youth and cheerfulness (Xian-Chun 2).He reestablishes the ribbons when Young Goodman Brown is in the woods, contemplating with his uncertainties about the morals of people he is acquainted with. When the pink ribbon flies downward from the clouds, Young Goodman Brown distinguishes it as a symbol that Faith has absolutely dropped into the territory of evil; she has no mark of her purity or innocence (Xian-Chun 1). The color white also represents the idea of goodness and purity, while red represents twistedness and tainted ideas.In the conclusion of the story, Faith meets Young Goodman Brown as he proceeds from the woods; she is wearing her pink ribbons yet again, signifying her return to the image of innocence she displayed at the opening of the story and casting away the uncertainties on the truth of Young Goodman Brown’s ventures (Xian-Chun 1). Williamson begins by stating, â€Å"Hawthorne's definition of a good author, he advises that Hawthorne deemed the best writers as those with a little devil in them† (Williamson 1).Williamson proposes that in â€Å" Young Goodman Brown† there is a joining among the novelist and the evil spirit and the novelist/narrator is truly a follower of the evil spirit festivity (Williamson 1). He also composes that Brown really meets with the three evil spirits: the old man, Goody Cloyse, and the narrator. The narrator is the evil spirit in the story that he has the capability to make Brown and the person who reads identify evil abilities of the other characters (Williamson 1). Walter Shear shares that as Young Goodman Brown leaves Faith, he becomes an individual psychologically.His retreat from his wife is not merely a representative loss of faith, but it is also his leaving behind conservative faith. In the woods, Brown's belief is lacking; therefore the familiar woods are frightening (Shear 1). He must struggle with the individuals in the woods in demand to keep his ethics and beliefs. It is him contrary to humanity and he is deceived by that very civilization. At the end, Young Goodman Brown dep arts the fantasy and proceeds to usual culture (Shear 1). He is more conscious of himself and of his connection with other participants of the culture. Shear states that Brown exemplifies the unbalanced Puritanism s it declines in its spiritual belief and becomes slightly deceitful. Brown's disgust of his wife and community signifies his own necessity to psychologically limit his motives for leading in the forest (Shear 1). Young Goodman Brown is entirely devastated and overwhelmed when he wakes from his nightmare. As he walked the streets of Salem he was not capable to isolate his vision from actuality. He is incapable to handle the findings that the possible for wicked exist in everyone. The rest of his lifetime is demolished because of his helplessness to express this reality and be aware of it.The vision, has established the seed of uncertainty in Young Goodman Brown's mind, which subsequently takes him off from his related gentleman and leaves him unaccompanied and unhappy. The reality is that Young Goodman Brown loathes these individuals because he understands that identical traits in himself. Like the individuals in his vision, he questions his personal belief. However, he plants his personal worries onto those nearby him. The vision is a demonstration of all of the anxieties he has about himself and the selections he has made throughout his lifetime.He is too full of pride to recognize his personal mistakes. His time finishes unaccompanied and depressed because he was not once capable to gaze at himself and understand that what he understood were everyone else's mistakes were his as well. He is entirely secluded from his culture. The literary devices deployed by Hawthorne throughout â€Å"Young Goodman Brown,† give the piece an effectiveness and life that it would not have otherwise. The devices of theme, motif, and symbolism are heavily used and extremely effective throughout the entire piece, making it understandable, relatable, and enjoyable for the reader.

Tuesday, July 30, 2019

Welfare of economics

Advertising Is form of communication intended to persuade an audience (viewers, readers or listeners) to purchase or take some actions upon products, Ideals or services. It includes the name of a product or service and how that product or service could benefits the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to could benefits the consumer, to persuade a target market to purchase or to consume that particular band.These messages are usually paid for by sponsors and viewed via various media. Advertising can also to communicate an idea to a large number of people In an attempt to convince them to take a certain action. Marketing or selling costs Marketing or selling costs include all costs necessary to secure customer orders and get the finished product into the hands of customers. These costs are often called order getting or order filling costs.Examples of marketing or selling costs include advertising costs, shipping costs, sales commission and sales salary. Administrative A dministrative costs Include all executive, organizational and clerical costs associated with general management of an organization rather than with manufacturing racketing pr selling. Examples of administrative costs include executive compensation general accounting secretarial public relations and similar costs involved in the overall general administration of the organization as whole (Thompson 1985).Non Profit organizations may rely on free modes of persuasion such as a public services announcement. Advertising, In Its non- commercial guise, is a powerful educational tool capable of reaching and motivating large audiences. â€Å"Advertising justifies its existence when used in the public interest – it is much too powerful a tool to use solely for commercial purposes.Public service advertising, non-commercial advertising, public interest advertising, cause marketing, and social marketing are different terms for (or aspects of) the use of sophisticated advertising and marke ting communications techniques (generally associated with commercial enterprise) on behalf of non-commercial, public Interest Issues and initiatives. Virtually any medium can be used for advertising.Commercial advertising media can include wall paintings, billboards, street furniture components, printed flyers and rack cards, radio, cinema and television adverts, web banners, mobile telephone screens, shopping carts, web opus, skywriting, bus stop benches, human billboards and forehead advertising, magazines, newspapers, town criers, sides of on setback tray tables or overhead storage bins, taxicab doors, roof mounts and passenger screens, musical stage shows, subway platforms and trains, elastic bands on disposable diapers, doors of bathroom stalls, stickers on apples in supermarkets, shopping cart handles (exacerbating), the opening section of streaming audio and video, posters, and the backs of event tickets and supermarket receipts. Any place an identified† sponsor pays to deliver their message through a medium is advertising.Digital Advertising Television advertising The television commercial is generally considered the most effective mass-market advertising format, as is reflected by the high prices television networks charge for commercial airtime during popular events. The annual Super Bowl football game in the United States is known as the most prominent advertising event on television. The average cost of a single thirty-second television spot during this game reached IIS$3. 5 million in 2012. Virtual advertisements may be inserted into regular arrogating through computer graphics. It is typically inserted into otherwise blank backdrops or used to replace local billboards that are not relevant to the remote broadcast audience. More controversially, virtual billboards may be inserted into the background where none exist in real-life.This technique is especially used in televised sporting events. Virtual product placement is also possible. Radio advertising Radio advertising is a form of advertising via the medium of radio. Radio advertisements are broadcast as radio waves to the air from a transmitter to an antenna and a thus to a receiving device. Airtime is purchased from a station or network in exchange for airing the commercials. While radio has the limitation of being restricted to sound, proponents of radio advertising often cite this as an advantage. Radio is an expanding medium that can be found not only on air, but also online. According to Arbitration, radio has approximately 241. Million weekly listeners, or more than 93 percent of the U. S. Population. Online advertising Online advertising is a form of promotion that uses the Internet and World Wide Web or the expressed purpose of delivering marketing messages to attract customers. Online ads are delivered by an ad server. Examples of online advertising include contextual ads that appear on search engine results pages, banner ads, in text ads, Rich Media Ads, S ocial network advertising, online classified advertising, advertising networks and e-mail marketing, including e-mail spam. Product placements Covert advertising is when a product or brand is embedded in entertainment and media.For example, in a film, the main character can use an item or other of a finite brand, as in the movie Minority Report, where Tom Cruiser's character John Anderson owns a phone with the Monika logo clearly written in the top corner, or his watch engraved with the Bulgaria logo. Another example of advertising in film is in l, Robot, where main character played by Will Smith mentions his Converse shoes several times, calling them â€Å"classics†, because the film is set far in the future. L, Robot and Spacewalks also showcase futuristic cars with the Audio and Mercedes-Benz logos clearly displayed on the front of the vehicles. Cadillac chose to advertise in the movie were used

Monday, July 29, 2019

Robots, cyborgs & AI Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Robots, cyborgs & AI - Essay Example The term android is used only on robots that look like humans, while the term robot is used on machines, which might look or might not look like humans. There are other examples of rising robots known as actroids, which do not exist in the science fiction realm, but they tend to resemble the human beings in their action and also their reception to input. In films like The Terminator, which have smashed awareness the public since their features have instilled a strong idea about human fusion with technology. Cyborgs are aggressive and contain a fantasy of being destructive and invisibility. However, this hyper violent creature is among the many types of fictional cyborgs that have become the main way for commercial films to present the cyborg condition. In films they have privileged the masculine figure which is mainly violent. When the cyborgs are staged in movies they show different ways of thinking in matters of sexual identity and gender. The software interfaced cyborgs created make the bodies of human beings obsolete when the human consciousness was downloaded onto a computer software they showed aggressiveness and their prowess is always improved thus can not go down and the only thing they can do best is kill because its strength physical not cerebral thus can not be controlled. However not all cyborgs are hyper masculine killing machines they are also used for other functions e.g. the terminator in terminator 2 is used as a surrogate father. Electronics technology capability certainly has caused fear which has been translated to massive bodies overpowering human characters. The cyborgs in films are also used to show the male spectacle and desire for masculine body. This not only culminates the sexual expression but also the brute force expressed by the cyborgs. This concept of externally forceful machinery was culminated in the industrial machinery in the early twentieth century. During this time the robot replaced the

Sunday, July 28, 2019

Gender Bias in Education Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Gender Bias in Education - Essay Example This essay approves that in today’s world of visual communication a company uses the media as a tool in selling its products. Advertising agencies, as media options is often found to use the female image to sell off its clients products and to achieve rapid turnovers. The picture of women portrayed in the advertisement commercials have become of a stereotyped nature. It depicts each and every woman to be bold and extrovert in relation to the models portrayed with bold attires and appealing make up. Different commercials use women rather to fulfill the selling motives of the company’s products and services. It takes no concern while tarnishing the image of womanhood for which the need for censorship has risen as regards to advertisements. Further, women have started to occupy senior positions in the media houses. However, the unfortunate part of the game is that the qualitative approach at looking over the female work force has still not undergone any change. The gender bias is evident in the journalism profession as regards to the gender view of the sources gathering the information. This report makes a conclusion that women resorting to menial and low paid jobs are often the subjects of sexual exploitation. Even, the society as a whole views the women creed as items of sexual fervor. Thus commercials explicitly using the above female image do call for limited censorship. These practices must be curbed at the very outset so as to reduce the gender bias emanating from such and in bettering up the social environment.

Saturday, July 27, 2019

Issues that Impacts on Human Resource Management Term Paper

Issues that Impacts on Human Resource Management - Term Paper Example Political factors can have a major bearing upon a business organization to efficiently coordinate its number of vital operations. Political disturbances and imbalances, along with strict governmental regulations can also impact the HRM functions of Foster’s by a considerable extent to efficiently manage its business operations in Australia (Oxford University Press 2007). In relation to identifying the major issue within the dimension of the political factor that can impact the HRM performances, it is apparent that Foster’s can face challenges concerning the country’s human resource policies relating to wage structure, compensation policies and working hours among others. Moreover, the changing governmental regulations can also create an impact on the organization to efficiently perform its HRM policies and practices within Australia. However, the present democratic and political stability of Australia is significantly influencing foreign marketers to efficiently operate their range of business activities. Consequently, effective and well-built HR regulations of the country apparently provide opportunities for the modern organizations to comply with their existing HRM functions within the nation (National Sothertons Group Pty Ltd 2010). The economic factors as a part of the PESTLE analysis refer to the various aspects related to economic stability of the host or operational country such as interest rates portfolio, taxation programs, exchange and inflation rates, economic growth according to Gross Domestic Product (GDP) rates and other economic constraints (Chernev & Kotler 2008). In accordance with the economic condition of Australia, it is recognized that the country has been achieving its continuous economic development through its range of governmental and non-governmental business industries. Moreover, the country is also witnessing continuous growth in terms of its employment rate which has been identified to be quite strong as it recorded a growth of 1.2% in between the period of February 2012 to February 2013 (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2013).

Friday, July 26, 2019

Organisation Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 1

Organisation Behaviour - Essay Example Without doubt, employees form the most critical resource in any organisation. Leaders are faced with the compulsion of managing human resource effectively in promoting the goals of the organisation. Leaders who appreciate the diversity in personalities exhibited by different employees cannot achieve this. There is a salient need for leaders to gain familiarity with different personality types by understanding their common trait preferences, strengths, and weaknesses. With such an understanding and appreciation, a leader can choose the effective management styles for employees with different personality types. In addition, the modern workplace exhibits a high level of diversity in terms of cultures. Therefore, leaders have to prove competency in managing people of different cultures. Since employees do not exhibit similar levels of performance, it is critical for a leader to be able to handle employees of varying capacities. This paper will discuss how a leader can prove to be compete nt when dealing with different types of employees. In order to manage type A personalities effectively, leaders should make efforts to understand their specific personality traits. Moreover, it is important to establish what they value most in their lives and things that they consider as priorities. Type A individuals are a unique set of personalities who are characterized by obsession with work and competitiveness. They exhibit a competitive spirit in everything that they indulge in. They are individuals who are determined to emerge as the best. They are unlikely to settle for less and prove to be extremely ambitious. Their ambition is what leads to an ardent obsession with work. They exhibit concern for meeting stringent deadlines and have a sense of urgency that defines their entire lives (Hanif & Sarwat 2011, p. 93). Usually, their sense of urgency may lead them to exhibit a high level of impatience, especially when things do not happen at the pace they want. Their impatience

Thursday, July 25, 2019

IKEAs Resources and Competences in Developing Competitive Advantage Essay

IKEAs Resources and Competences in Developing Competitive Advantage - Essay Example With specific references to its competencies, it is apparent that since its inception, IKEA has always shown a great concern for people and the environment. This is based on its vision which is to create a better everyday life for many people. Indeed, its concern for people and the environment enhances its proper use of resources. Thus, it endeavors to keep its cost as minimum as possible. The IKEA entrepreneurial culture is enduring. For instance, its founder Ingvar Kamprad exhibited elements of entrepreneurship early in his childhood. As a fact, entrepreneurs are usually born and/or made. This way, the environment in which IKEA’s founder was raised up in nurtured his entrepreneurial skills. The Smalanders for instance, are famed for their informality and entrepreneurial spirit. For instance, His aunt would send him large quantities of matches which he would sell in small quantities at a lucrative price. Thus, he was exposed to an entrepreneurial culture early in his life. The leadership and organizational structure of IKEA are also ideal. Peter Hogsted, the CEO is subscribed to the idea of cost-cutting and promotes informal structure within the organization. Through the Hawthorne experiments, Elton Mayo, a renowned behavioral theorist was able to affirm that work satisfaction and performance among workers is basically not economic. It is rather more contingent on working conditions and attitudes. This includes proper communication, positive management response and encouraging employees to work hard by motivating them.

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome - Essay Example There are currently no treatments that treat polycystic ovary syndrome as a whole, but individual symptoms are tended to based on the desires of each female. Polycystic ovary syndrome is a common medical condition in which women have an â€Å"imbalance of female sex hormones (Kovacs, 2007)† in women of reproductive age. When a teenage girl’s or woman’s ovaries produce significantly abnormal amounts of androgens, which are male sex hormones, the development and release of eggs are interfered with. With polycystic ovary syndrome, cysts - sacs filled with liquid - form instead of the eggs maturing. Then the cysts build up in the ovaries, often becoming enlarged, in lieu of an egg being released. When a teenager or woman has polycystic ovary syndrome, they often do not have a regular menstrual cycle. Polycystic ovary syndrome is among many disorders that doctors have been unable to determine a sole, definite cause. However, enough research in the matter has revealed a variety of factors that may play a role in the development of polycystic ovary syndrome. One such factor is genetics, with many doctors believing that if an individual’s mother or sister has been diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome, then the individual risks developing the syndrome as well. Similarly, current research is being undergone to determine if a mutated gene is involved in the formation of the cysts, making polycystic ovary syndrome a genetic disorder. Another possible factor in the developing of polycystic ovary syndrome is an excess of insulin. If an individual has a resistance to insulin, which would cause an impairment in effectively utilizing insulin, then the pancreas would produce more insulin to keep sugar available for the cells. If there is too much insulin, it can cause an increase in the androgen that is produced by the ovaries. This hormone is vital to the cysts’ survival, and too much androgen will allow them to

Wednesday, July 24, 2019

Innovativeness according to company size Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Innovativeness according to company size - Essay Example panies, all employees contribute, which ensures that there are no freeloaders and slackers, which can be combined with rewards for the best innovators. In small companies, it is also easier to identify, utilize, and nourish innovative talent. Since it easier to recognize creative talent at smaller companies, it is easier to motivate them. Finally, small company founders are more accessible and can talk constantly about objectives of innovation, which helps them hammer home the message (Leifer, 2009). Big companies also have advantages when it comes to innovation. First, creation of new categories of products is the best way to achieve total control of innovations and, as such, only the big companies like Google and Apple have the capital to do so (Leifer, 2009). Secondly, big companies are able to do better in the international market place where innovation has now shifted. Larger companies also possess the scale for them to deal with big problems such as the environment, healthcare, and education where a lot of innovation is taking place. These big companies also possess the resources to attract and retain the best talent. In addition, some of the big companies presently had grown from small companies at a ferocious pace and remembered their roots. Finally, these companies have learnt to be more nimble and porous (Leifer, 2009). Current trends in America and Western Europe have seen legislation of new patent laws that mark a fundamental change in patent protection to first-to-file rules and away from first-to-file (Cohen & Merill, 2011). This shift favors the bigger companies that possess resources for broad research and increased capabilities. These companies can file patents faster compared to smaller companies without funds, and thus, no way to protect their inventions. Most small entrepreneurs initially did not take filing of patents, as a priority and especially not before fundraising since they knew that they had an invention and had a way of proving it.

Tuesday, July 23, 2019

Music And Social Identity Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Music And Social Identity - Essay Example It is a reflection of the different beliefs of the people and projects ideas and images which ultimately form what is called the social identity by which people identify themselves amongst their peers. Social identity means the characteristic attributes of a person that belong to a certain group. The process of social identification is one through which we express or relate to along with other people. Like for example taking Christians and Muslims groups we find that in each member of the Christian group they would be sharing basic commonalities while being different to the Muslim group. There are many types of social identities like ethnic, religious, political, personal and stigmatized etc. Shepherd, Horn, and Laing (2003) discuss that music has been a part of every society. It is present in each and every culture around the globe although the form varies from region to region and changes with time. As it can be traced back for as far as we can go hence the scientists are of view t hat it has existed for around 50,000 years. The roots of music sprung somewhere in Africa. From there onwards it has always been a very important inherent part of the human beings as it exists even today and has progressed a lot. How music cultivates depends upon a specific culture of a region, the social aspects the economic background and the technological advancements. The type and form that the music evolves into is dependent on the response from the people of that region, their beliefs and preferences.

Monday, July 22, 2019

Al Pacino Essay Example for Free

Al Pacino Essay It is with great pleasure and reverence I present to you, Al Pacino. 2) Al Pacino was born on April 25, 1940 in Manhattan, New York. 1) When he was three years old, he and his mother moved to the South Bronx, which he claims as his hometown. 2) In 1966 he was granted admission to the prestigious Actors Studio where he was taught by renowned actor and coach, Lee Strasburg. 3) The lessons paid off quickly for Al Pacino. 4) In 1967 he won an OBIE award (equivalent to an Off-Broadway Tony), and in 1968, he won a Tony award for â€Å"Does the Tiger Wear a Necktie†. ) In 1971, Al got a shot in a feature film called â€Å"The Panic in Needle Park† where he plays a junkie who gets trapped in the ups and downs of dealing heroin. 1) This performance led him into the role that would propel him to greatness, the role of Michael Corleone in The Godfather. 2) The network executives didn’t want Pacino to play the youngest son to Marlon Brando’s Vito Corleone, but at the insistence of Brando, and director Francis Ford Coppola, Al won the part. ) This was the first of four consecutive Oscar nominations, and eight total for his career. 2) After portraying a real New York City undercover detective in Serpico in 1973, and reprising his role as Michael Corleone in 1974’s The Godfather II, Al’s next role was a huge departure from his usual gritty, tough guy roles. 3) In 1975, Al starred as Sonny, a would be bank robber who needs money to get his boyfriend a sex change operation in the movie Dog Day Afternoon. 4) In 1979, Al plays attorney Arthur Kirkland in the movie,†¦and justice for all. Arthur is forced to defend a judge (whom he hates) in a rape trial. Arthur is torn between defending the judge (even though he knows he’s guilty), and human decency. 1) For the next few years, Al’s career had taken a downward turn. 1) Less than expected box office revenues from 1980’s Cruising and 1982’s Author! Author! left many in Hollywood to think the Al had lost his magic. In 1983, screenwriter Oliver Stone and Director Brian De Palma created a vehicle that would launch Al Pacino’s career into the stratosphere. Pacino’s portrayal of Cuban-born drug kingpin Tony Montana in the movie Scarface is legendary Performance was worthy of an Oscar nod, which he didn’t receive. Pacino did finally win his Oscar in 1992. For his spot on performance as retired Army Officer Frank Slade in Scent of a Woman, he won the award, Pacino has done several films since Scent of a Woman, constantly stretching the limits of his craft, and ever bit as masterful today as he was in his heyday of the 1970’s. Al Pacino approaching his 72nd birthday has not slowed down. He is still acting, but not as much for major studio productions, but doing more independent type films and the occasional work on the stage. From a poor kid growing up in the Bronx, to a legendary film icon, Al Pacino has never forgotten his roots, and still claims the Bronx as his home. From having to borrow bus fare to get to auditions, to writing his own ticket, the humble, charismatic star can look back on a career filled with hard work, natural talent and people who believed in him with pride.

Sunday, July 21, 2019

Impact of Capitalism on Environmental Sustainability Goals

Impact of Capitalism on Environmental Sustainability Goals Assignment title: How Significant Is Capitalism Towards Impeding Environmental Sustainability Goals? Introduction There seems to be a universal agreement across nations, social economics and cultural classes that human beings face numerous and unprecedented challenges at the economical and environmental levels. Due to the scarcity of natural resources, theres a severe degradation of the planet, poverty, food shortage, and demographic shift due to urbanisation, globalisation as well as the global economy that is today increasingly becoming complex, fragile and interconnected thus presenting some of the significant challenges to environmental goals. The aim of this paper is to explore how significant is capitalism towards impeding environmental sustainability goals. To achieve this goal, this paper will examine some of the basics of capitalism with regard to the exploitation of resources and people for profit. The paper will also utilise political theory such as Realism and Constructivism in order to understand why countries are opposed to agreements for environmental sustainability. Further, this paper will attempt to discuss some of the issues that have impeded the realisation of sustainable capitalism through the use several empirical studies that illustrate the compelling economic concern for environmental goals. Most of the studies show that it is a good business practice to undertake a more conscious, mindful and sustainable approach, but that is not always the case as many states do not want to reduce environmental populations with the fear of losing their competitive advantage in the global market.   This paper has found that capitalism impedes environmental sustainability goals through global competition of limited resources. In fact, countries such as China and the United States have no limit on the emission level of greenhouse gases in order to remain competitive and industrialised, and thus degrading the environment. Capitalism and Environmental Sustainability It is first important to understand what is capitalism and environmental sustainability goals and how both relate to each other within the perspective of global economical development. According to Mariana and Barkley Jr (2003) capitalism involves an economical system that is based on private ownership as one of the factors of production as well as their operations for profit making. In a capitalist economy, investments and decision making are largely determined by owners of the private businesses in capital and financial markets, while distribution and prices of different goods are determined by competition within the local and global market. Environmental goals or sustainable objectives are generally a multitude of internationally agreed objectives and goals regarding environmental, which are part of the essential documents of United Nations summits and conferences resolutions of the General Assembly (UNEP, 2016). Environmental goals are decisions made through global intergovernmen tal conferences as well as multilateral environmental agreements of their governing bodies. In fact, the compendium of environmental goals is referred as the Global Environmental Goals (GEGs) (UNEP, 2016). Having described capitalism and environmental goals, there are some correction that hold between the two terms that is today under global debate. Having said that, in the current conditions that is characterised by immerse globalisation, gaps between states as well as different social categories, the environmental goals becomes a essentials for all nations across the globe. The Significance of Capitalism towards impeding Environmental Sustainability goals Beginning with 1972 UN Stockholm conference about global development, sustainable and eco-development development become the major topic of the year. However, in the same year, the UN published its first report titled Limit to Growth that presented several economic issues, environmental pollution, increased depletion of natural resources, accelerated population growth and their significant relationships. In the following year, the UN established the International Commission for Environment and Development and established the term sustainable development in their report titled Our Common Future. in this view, the term sustainable development represents the kind of global development within the capitalist market which has the ability to achieve the requirements of current generations without compromising the capacity of future generations in order to satisfy their own personal needs.   In this regard, its clear that the goals of the UN from the start are to help capital market t o be responsible in protecting the environment. It is also clear that many business and business owners in the past and presently are impending environmental sustainability goals. For instance, we have experienced several oil spills in different parts of the world. On May of 2016, over 2,100 barrels of oil spilled into the U.S Gulf of Mexico (Wade, Cohen and Varghese, 2016). Even though the cause of oil leak is still not established, the oil leaked from an undersea pipeline system that is operated by Shell Company leading to death of many aquatic animals. The U.S Bureau of Safety and Environmental Enforcement (BSEE) stated that the spill has been observed as a 2 mile-by-13 mile sheen on the water surface as it can be observed in image 1 below.   Ã‚   The British oil company, Shell was also involved in another yet oil spill, this time in Nigeria, Niger Delta region. The oil company has been sued in the U.K Courts for decades of oil leak in the Niger Delta. In fact, the environmental issues in the Niger Delta have been related to the oil industry. A report by Vidal (2010) posted in The Guardian indicated the extent of the oil spill in Niger Delta was over 1.89 million barrels of oil were spilt between 1976 and 1996 affecting approximately 220 thousand cubic metres. In addition, the UNDP (2006) report indicated that a total of 6,617 spills between 1976 and 2001, which is as a result of over 3 million barrels of oil, where 69 percent of these spills happened off-shore, a quarter occurred in swamps and approximately 6 percent on land. As a result, farmland and forest are now covered in sheen of greasy oil (Vidal, 2010). Moreover, the 40,000-people belonging to the Ogale Community in River State in Nigeria who are mainly farmers and fishermen are largely affected (Mustoe, 2016). Since the 1989 oil spill, they dont have clean drinking water, farm land as well as the river they once claimed. The findings by Amnesty through the 2011 report by the UN Environmental Programme found water in the Delta region of Nigeria to be contaminated with oil by-products including benzene that is thought to be a carcinogen. The report suggested a clean-up by the Shell Company a sustainable recovery that could take up to approximately 30 years (Mustoe, 2016). The major cause of the leak is as a result of oil theft by local people for illegal refineries. However, Shell Company lacks adequate facilities and technology to stop the spill in case of any leak in the pipeline. Thus, the company has failed to invest the right technology that could eventually prevent environmental damage. In the above case of oil spills in the environment, environmental ethics plays a crucial role. According to the Stanford Encyclopaedia on ethics (2015), environmental ethics is the scope in philosophy that shows the moral relationship of individuals as well as the value of moral status of surrounding environment and its non-human contents. The significance of capitalism toward impeding environmental sustainable goals can also be explained through theories of international relations. Theories of such as Realism and constructivism help to explain how global system works. These theories are based on the idea that countries often act in regard to their national interests. A country interests always include self-preservation, economic prosperity, military and influence over other nations. However, many countries aim at fostering peace and economical trade. Therefore, in pursuit of economical prosperity, states might engage in different activities that might influence environmental goals. For instance, according to realism, countries operate only in order to increase their power relative to other nations and environment. A realist nation claims that the world is competitive, dangerous and a harsh place and therefore, the only way to be successful are to gain as much power as possible (Carr, 2001). This indicates that a power ful nation will often be in a capacity to outdo weaker competitors. Therefore, in regard to environmental ethics, such countries fail to protect environment as their exploit any available resource in order to remain in power both military and economically. For example, China has become the number one air polluter as a result of industrialisation. The country suffers more air pollution than any other country across the globe. Approximately two third of Chinas 360 million urban people suffer from unhealthy air pollution. China also leads with greenhouse gases emission that leads to climate change (Vandenbergh, 2007). According to Le Quà ©rà ©, et al., (2009) Chinas carbon dioxide emission tripled between 1990 and 2008. Thus, environment in China is expected to get worse as the country is increasingly constructing unbelievable amount of coal electric power plants. In addition, the number of vehicles in China is drastically increasing. Gregg, Andres, and Marland (2008) notes with the increases number of industries in China, the country is expected to increase the release of harmful gases five times in the next 25 years that what is estimated by the Kyoto Protocol to be saved. Failure of control of pollution and gases emission by china are leading other western nation to produce environmental problem. China gas emission has become a common debate in America in regard to climate change. Congress often makes two arguments in regard to China on the issue of opposing federal climate change legislation as well as international climate change treaties. In this view, the first argument that the U.S. makes is that it will lose jobs specifically to China if they regulate the cost of emitting greenhouse gases, which China will not. The second argument is that it is unfair for China to be allowed to continue emitting greenhouse gases when the U.S. is restricted its emissions. In addition, many politicians in America claim that the environment will suffer in case the U.S. limits its emission and counties such as China do not. Such an approach led the Senate to vote 97-0 in 1997 supporting the U.S will not be a signatory to any environmental protocol that aims at reducing greenhouse emission unless such protocol or agreement is scheduled to commitment of limiting greenhouse emission to other counties with the same compliance period. Therefore, the United States refused to ratify the Kyoto Protocol due to similar concerns that China continue to pollute the environment through their vast industries. As a result of global warming that is largely contributed by capitalism, a report few months ago noted that the North Pole ice cap is melting in a much faster manner than previously believed. In addition, the greenhouse gas impact has increase by 20% since 1990 (In defence of Marxism, 2016). Moreover, NASA scientists reported that glaciers are melting at a rate of 6 feet per year in 2000, but today it is melting at a rate of 75 feet per year (In defence of Marxism, 2016). In addition, it is evident that deserts have been expanding across the plant, from 624 sq miles per annum in the 70s to 1374 sq miles in the 1990s. Indeed, many of these changes have been brought by the acts of human being of degrading natural resource in pursuit of profit. Conclusion In conclusion, it is true that capitalism has impeded sustainability. From a global perspective, organisations are competing with each other to manufacture and distribute goods to every corner of the world. In addition, countries are competing to establishing as many industries are possible to in order to remain competitive and powerful. Countries are using fossil fuels such as petrol, gas and natural gas to cause carbon dioxide that contribute largely to global warming. This paper has established that companies such as Shell Petroleum have been involved with destruction of environment through oil spill.   It is with no doubt that oil spill that has happened has occurred in pursuit of profit. The company is being accused of failing to invest in the latest technologies that would stop spill in case of any oil leak within the pipeline. As a result, environment has been damaged and everything that depends on it from animals both in the land and water to human being suffers. Secondly, this paper has established that capitalism has impeded sustainability through the failure of different states to limit their emission of greenhouse gases.   There has not been an agreed protocol or an agreement on the level of greenhouse emission internationally. China has one of the highest greenhouse gas emissions that pollute the environment. In this case, other Western countries like the U.S fear that they would lose jobs to China if they agree to limit the level of emission greenhouse gases. Consequently, these trends can be reversed especially is the U.S and China governments, which are the biggest contributors to greenhouse gases agree on the maximum amount of emission. Indeed, this would affect the amount of fossil fuel such as coal, gas and natural gas consumed, which are the core causes of carbon dioxide emission and thus, global warming. As vehicles account for large amount of carbon dioxide production in many countries, the governments need to mandate the conversion of gas-propelled cars to electricity. Today we have the technology for producing electricity cars, thus such program would pose no environmental issues. In addition, countries need to adopt the construction of environmentally-friendly building in order to reduce the use of greenhouse gases. It is the hope of many environmentalists across the globe that many capital owners and businesses take into the consideration the current evidence of global warming in support of achieving the environmental goals and as well begin to think on how they can holistically achieve the ability to create value for environmental, society and shareholders simultaneously. Finally, a decisive action need to be taken in order to save planet Earth from forces posed by global warming, otherwise it will be irreversible. References Carr, E. (2001). The Twenty Years Crisis, 1919-1939: An Introduction to the Study of International Relations. Edited by M. Cox. Hampshire; NY: Palgrave. Gregg, J. S., Andres, R. J., Marland, G. (2008). China: Emissions pattern of the world leader in CO2 emissions from fossil fuel consumption and cement production. Geophysical Research Letters, 35(8). In defence of Marxism, (2016). Capitalism and the environment, Available at: http://www.marxist.com/capitalism-environment-ecology-marxism210806.htm Accessed: 12/1/2017. Le Quà ©rà ©, C., Raupach, M. R., Canadell, J. G., Marland, G., Bopp, L., Ciais, P., Friedlingstein, P. (2009). Trends in the sources and sinks of carbon dioxide. Nature Geoscience, 2(12), 831-836. Mearsheimer, J. (2001). The Tragedy of Great Power Politics. New York: Norton. Mariana. R. and Barkley Jr. J. (2003).Comparative Economics in a Transforming World Economy. MIT Press. Stanford Encyclopaedia on ethics, (2015). Environmental Ethics, Available at: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-environmental/ Accessed: 13/12/2016. UNEP, (2016). Welcome to the Global Environmental Goals (GEGs) Live Tracker. [Online] Available from: http://geodata.grid.unep.ch/gegslive/ Accessed on 12th Jan 2017. Vandenbergh, M. P. (2007). Climate Change: The China Problem. S. Cal. L. Rev., 81, 905. Vidal, J. (2010). Nigerias agony dwarfs the Gulf oil spill. The US and Europe ignore it. [Online] Available from: https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/may/30/oil-spills-nigeria-niger-delta-shell. Accessed on 12th Jan 2017. Wade, T., Cohen. L. and Varghese, A. (2016). Shell Oil Spill Dumps Thousands Of Barrels Of Crude Into Gulf Of Mexico. [Online] Available from: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/shell-oil-spill-gulf-mexico_us_57353058e4b060aa7819ee00. Accessed on 12th Jan 2017.

Globalisation And National Security The Effects On Malaysia Politics Essay

Globalisation And National Security The Effects On Malaysia Politics Essay Security is a fickle concept, the level of which is both relative to the observers position and subjective to the observers stance. Many factors influence the security of a nation state and a rise in security in one state may be balanced by a corresponding reduction in another. Conversely, universal actions or events may alter the whole system either upwards (periods of hegemonic rule) or downwards (financial crisis). Overall, the intricate balance of the global and individual security status is swayed by many issues such as globalisation, international economics and international politics on both micro and macro levels. Globalisation is an omnipresent process that involves an increasing level economic activity, interdependence and trade between countries. As the effects of globalisation increase throughout the world, the power of the state has been diminished as the influence and control levels of international governmental organizations, non-government organizations and trans-national corporations has increased. As such a shift in control and influence occurs the level of national security within any state must shift, but in which way? Proponents of globalisation postulate that globalisation increases security by reducing the likelihood of war by the promotion of trade, but if reviewed at a macro level, individual state national security may be adversely affected by globalisation. Problem Statement Malaysia, as one of the Asian Tigers has carried out major change to its economy via its New Economic Policy programs since 1971. This program of encouraging industrialization of the Malaysian workforce and economy has been matched in recent decades by the emergence of globalisation as a world-wide phenomenon. Together, both have altered Malaysias national security relative to both Asia and the world, but to what effect? The aim of this paper is to review the effects of economic globalisation on the national security of Malaysia with specific reference to recent events in the global economy and financial system, such as the Asian Financial Crisis of the late 1990s and the Global Financial Crisis that is still affecting the world. Objective The objective of this paper is to ascertain whether economic globalisation is eroding or strengthening the national security of Malaysia. In doing so this research will examine economic globalisation and its effects on national security; to assess the impact of the effects of economic globalisation using the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) and the current Global Financial Crisis (GFC) as test cases; and to review Malaysias national security as affected by economic globalisation. Significance of the Study The significance of this study is the due to the lack of specific literature relating to economic globalisation and national security caused by the current GFC in a Malaysian context. This is due to timeliness and the fluid nature of both the current GFC and globalisation as a whole. Additionally, this study will provide an external view point on a little discussed and published topic of the links between economic globalisation, geo-politics, growth and development. Most literature on the national security of Malaysia concentrates on the internal security of the country, the regional security provided by ASEAN and the internal military and defence capability. This research paper seeks to review the effects of the global economic changes on Malaysia and her security and to review the level of security internally looking outwards at the world and outwardly looking in towards Malaysia Literature Review This paper is on Malaysian national security. However to properly review this subject this paper will cover a number of interrelated topics. Therefore a variety of writings, including some on international relations theory, national autonomy, geo-economics theory and globalisation will be used. Contemporary articles and media will update current discussions on economic globalisation in a Malaysian context. Books Joan M Nelson, Jacob Meerman and Abdul Rahman Embong, Globalization National Authority: The Malaysian Experience, Singapore: Institute of South East Asian Studies Malaysia has long had an uncertain relationship to globalization, yet it has been held as a shining example of the second tier of Asian Tigers, leading the way with export-led growth and the positive role for foreign direct investment. Despite the near continuous growth, up until the Asian Financial Crisis of the late 1990s, Malaysias political leadership has regularly expressed doubt about the role of the prevailing international political and economic order, regardless of the benefits economic globalisation has had on the country, its growth and its development. The authors bring together a group of Malaysian and foreign scholars to discuss and dissect the effects of globalisation on Malaysian development over the long-run. They full spectrum of issues is considered, from economic and social policy to new challenges from transnational Islam, and they are unafraid of voicing doubt where the effects of globalisation are overblown. Geoffrey Till, Emrys Chew and Joshua Ho, Globalization and Defence in the Asia-Pacific: Arms across Asia, New York: Routledge, 2009. This volume examines the impact of all forms of globalisation on the economies, military-industrial complexes and national security policies of the Asia-Pacific region. The work is divided into three main parts. The first explores globalisation and its general outcomes on the policy making of the nation-state; the second section reviews how globalisation affects a states threat perception and defence posture within the context of the Asia-Pacific region; while the third examines how it impacts on a states apportionment of resources to defence, and how economic globalisation influences the defence industry, with specific reference to the defence procurement policies and practices of the different states across the Asia-Pacific. Ganguly S, Scobell A and Liow J C, The Routledge Handbook of Asian Security Studies, Abindon: Routledge, 2010 This publication provides a detailed examination of security dynamics in the distinct sub-regions that make up Asia, and also links the study of these regions by examining the geopolitical ties between each of them. There are many interwoven and complexity of security issues throughout Asia, this publication deals with all foremost security issues in the area which range from unresolved territorial disputes (maritime and inland), unredeemed claims and intra-state conflicts to transnational terrorist movements and nuclear rivalries. Andrew Sheng, From Asian to Global Financial Crisis: An Asian Regulators View of Unfettered Finance in the 1990s and 2000s, New York: Cambridge University Press, 2009 Something Here Baylis J. and Smith S., The Globalization of World Politics, An Introduction to International Affairs, 3rd Edition, New York: Oxford University Press, 2005. The relationships between globalisation, international economics, international politics and security are discussed at length in The Globalization of World Politics, An Introduction to International Relations by John Baylis and Steve Smith, first published in 2001, updated in 2005 and again in 2008. While providing a comprehensive and detailed understanding of contemporary international relations overall, it is more an excellent generalist publication that a specialist work dealing with security and economics. The version available is from 2005; yet later versions exist that contain more up to date data, references and interpretations of the effects of globalisation on world politics. Nathan K., 1998, Malaysia: Reinventing the Nation, in Alagappa, M. (ed.), Asian Security Practice: Material and Ideational Influences, California: Stanford University, pp. 513-548 This pivotal book chapter asks how is national security thought of and conceptualised in Malaysia. It analyses Malaysias conceptions of national security, showing the importance of historical legacies and the nations multi-ethnic composition. Given these intrinsic obstacles to national identity creation, the nations elite have focused on economic growth and modernisation as the methods of unifying and securing its population. Recent crises, however, may challenge this strategy and force the leadership to redefine its concepts of national security. Malaysian national security concepts are inseparable from the countrys historical experience with British colonialism. This legacy precipitated the formation of the state ahead of the creation of a nation. As a result of this history, elite authority and state sovereignty have run ahead of a self-conscious national identity and cultural integration. Nonetheless, it has been the difficult task of post-independence policy makers to form a nation out of the pluralist, multi-ethnic state received from the British. The significant influence on national security policy is shown by the constitutional, political, and economic arrangements that the ruling elite have made and used to protect and promote the complex interests of a multi-ethnic society. Recent claims of repression of minorities demonstrate the difficulties inherent in balancing and managing competing interests in the pursuit of national security and national identity. Norrin M. Ripsman and T. V. Paul, Globalization and the National Security State, New York: Oxford University Press, 2010 Recently, many have postulated a correlation between the extent of globalisation and the erosion of the nation-state. In the sphere of national security, supporters of the globalisation thesis have argued that a states power has diminished compared to international governmental institutions, non-governmental organisations and trans-national corporations. At first they pointed to reductions in both global military expenditure (which has risen significantly in recent times) and interstate war. This book tests the proposition that these trends are indicative of the reduction of nation-states role as a guarantor of national security against the evidence available and finds that globalisation proponents have largely gotten it wrong. The reduction in interstate warfare can mostly be attributed to the end of the Cold War, not globalisation. Additionally, the great powers of the US, China, and Russia continue to pursue traditional nation-state policies and strategies. Regional security arran gements such as the European Union and ASEAN have not realised much, and weaker states, the ones most impacted by globalization, are significantly more traditional in their policies and approaches to national security, choosing to rely on their own resources and abilities rather than those of transnational and regional institutions. Jonathan Kirshner, Globalization and National Security, New York: Routledge, 2006 Though much has been published on the topics of globalisation and national security, there has been little in the way of a methodical examination of the impact that globalisation has on the national security of states. In Globalization and National Security the top scholars of the international relations realm evaluate the consequences of globalisation on national security. This book identifies three distinct processes of globalisation the flow of information, the intensification of economic exchange, and marketisation and explores how they can influence the capacity and power of nations and states, as well as clash within and among them. Most significantly, the book deals with how non-state actors, such as terrorists and smugglers, use the benefits of globalisation changes and how this, in turn, changes the nature of the security game. Failure to incorporate for the influence of globalisation will make it increasingly harder to understand variations in the prospects for conflict, t he balance of power, and the strategic choices made by states. Barry Buzan, Ole Waever and Jaap de Wilde, Security: A New Framework for Analysis, Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 1988 This book describes how two schools of thought now exist in security studies: traditionalists wanting to restrict the subject to just politico-military issues and while liberalists who want to extend it across the societal, economic and environmental sectors. This book sets out an all-inclusive statement of the new security studies, founding the case for the broader agenda. The authors contend that security is a particular type of state politics applicable to a much wide range of issues. In answering the traditionalists ideal that this model makes the topic incoherent, they offer a constructivist operational model for differentiating the process of securitisation from that of politicisation. Their method includes the traditionalist agenda and dispels the artificial boundary between international political economy and security studies, opening the way for a productive interplay between the two fields. It also illustrates how the theory of regional security arrangements remain relevant in todays world. Articles Mark Thirwell, The Return of Geo-economics: Globalisation and National Security, Lowy Institute for International Policy, September 2010 One concept that has previously been used to try to encompass the various connections between international economics, geopolitics and security is the idea of geo-economics. Mark Thirlwell, Director of the Lowy Institutes International Economy program argues that if one wants to try to understand many of the most important strategic developments facing the world over the next couple of decades, then one is going to need to devote a reasonable amount of time to thinking about what is going on in the international economy. He discusses the tangle of international economics, geopolitics and security, and assesses whether we are heading for a new era of geo-economics. Theoretical Framework Not sure what goes in here but will have to find outà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ The theoretical framework for this research will be based on literature reviews and collation of data from journals, articles, media and the internet. The intention of this paper is to bring together the concepts of economic globalisation, geo-economics and national security and review the contemporary situation in South East Asia in order to provide a better understanding of the status of Malaysias national security. Limitations Quite possibly the most significant limitation for this research paper is obtaining up to date and timely material in order to carry out the review. With the current global financial crisis still occurring around us and no end in sight, no publications exist that can comment comprehensively on this topic. The selection of books and articles for the literature review has been chosen due to their relatively recent publication, but will need to be supplemented with less scholarly sources such as more recent wed and news media articles. Additionally, some of the books that have been obtained are not the most recent editions; however various internet resources have been employed where possible to ensure ideas and concepts gained from older editions have not been superseded. In general, more recent sources have been chosen in order to gain the most up to date views and data on the processes of globalisation and security. To further limit resources the significant time constraints preclude seeking material from beyond the sources discussed in the methodology section below. Methodology This research paper will focus mainly on a review and analysis of data collected from the resources available at the time in the libraries of Maktab Turus Angkatan Tentura (MTAT), Malaysian Armed Forces Ministry of Defence, the University of Malaya, Malaysian and New Zealand bookshops. Various journals and articles sourced from on-line databases will also be used as well. Chapter Outline This paper is structured into five chapters. Chapter one presents an introduction to the study to be undertaken, includes background information, problems statement, hypothesis and a review of the literature available in compiling this research. The methodology undertaken in order to obtain the required information is also outlined in Chapter one along with the limitations of the research. Chapter two focuses on the theoretical concepts of economic globalisation and national security. This chapter will define each of these terms and discuss the wide ranging issues with each concept. In doing so it will examine the effects of economic globalisation on national security Chapter three will assess the impact of the effects of economic globalisation using the Asian Financial Crisis (AFC) and the current Global Financial Crisis (GFC) as test cases. Chapter four will detail Malaysias response to the recent financial crisis, review its national security as affected by economic globalisation and assess any changes in national security that occurred because of these events. Chapter five concludes the paper by drawing together the concepts of economic globalisation and national security in Malaysia and reviews Malaysias national security trend due to these influences.

Saturday, July 20, 2019

Yeti, Myth or Not myth :: essays research papers

YETIS, MONSTER OR MYTH? â€Å"Yetis are as pure and white as snow...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yetis have a soft side that they don’t show...   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yeti this Yeti that, Yetis rule and u know that† - Capt. Terpin Timins   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Introduction:  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yetis are creatures supposedly created from myth and fiction. They are large tempestuous creatures. Yetis can be classified in the same family as the Sasquatch and Big Foot. Many people believe that Yetis aren't real and are illusions of men who have claimed to have seen them. After researching them I want to say that Yetis are warm and cuddly but do not try to hug a Yeti.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  I have chosen to write about Yetis because they are interesting and they seem to be magical. There is so little belief in magic and wonderment these days that the Yeti is one of the only characters that people believe in. I have spoken to many people about their opinions on Yetis and the Yeti way of life. Atleast half of the people who I have talked to deny the truth behind these indiginous nomad species. What is a Yeti?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Contrary to popular belief Yetis are not carnivorous, they do not attack people unless provoked as many animals do to protect their territory, their food and their families. The highest population of Yetis is in the arctic or in cold climates. The Yeti civilization keeps itself hidden and camouflaged with layers of white fur and cave like homes. Like humans they nurture and raise their offspring until they are able to find their own prey and take care of itself. Yetis are omnivores and eat many different plants as well as meat, the impression that Yetis eat people has been derived from the fact that in the arctic there aren't many plants that cater to the Yeti food chain. Yetis have evolved from human like hominids. Yetis are human like in the characteristics that we share like the opposable thumb, a large brain, and the ability to stand erect. Is there proof of Yeti life?   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Yes, although it is not common knowledge there is proof of the Yeti, Yeti fossils have been recovered from many regions that were covered in ice at some point in time millions of years ago. Although the fossils were not complete and the Yeti body structures were obviously missing pieces there is no denying the Yeti presence.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In developed parts of the northern or southern arctic regions many locals claim to have had Yeti encounters.

Friday, July 19, 2019

Macbeths White Knight Banquo :: Free Essay Writer

Macbeth's White Knight Banquo       Shakespeare's tragic drama Macbeth features a man who is a Christian fighter. His life stands in contrast with that of the Macbeths. It is this Banquo about whom this essay will revolve.    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye explains the rationale behind Banquo's ghost in this play:    Except for the episode of Hercules leaving Antony, where mysterious music is heard again, there is nothing really supernatural in Shakespeare's tragedies that is not connected with the murder of the order-figures. In Macbeth we have Banquo's ghost instead of Duncan's, partly because of the emphasis on the repose that Duncan has gained by getting murdered, and partly because the line of the reigning monarch descends from Banquo. (24)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson says that the ghost of murdered Banquo has the greatest emotional impact on Macbeth of any adverse experience:    He is confident enough, even after the commission of the crime, to put his faith in the Senecan maxim, per scelera semper sceleribus tutum est iter, "Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill." After he has been shaken by the appearance of the ghost of Banquo, he reflects,    For mine own good All causes must give way. I am in blood Stepp'd in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o'er;    and this is as near as he ever comes to repentance. (71)    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" contests the opinion that the ghost of Banquo is seen at the same time by Lady Macbeth:      Taking the view I do of Lay Macbeth's character, I cannot accept the idea (held, I believe, by her great representative, Mrs. Siddons) that in the banquet scene the ghost of Banquo, which appears to Macbeth, is seen at the same time by his wife, but that, in consequence of her greater command over herself, she not only exhibits no sign of perceiving the apparition, but can, with its hideous form and gesture within a few fee of her, rail at Macbeth in that language of scathing irony . . . (117)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare comment that Banquo is a force of good in the play, set in opposition to Macbeth: Macbeth's White Knight Banquo :: Free Essay Writer Macbeth's White Knight Banquo       Shakespeare's tragic drama Macbeth features a man who is a Christian fighter. His life stands in contrast with that of the Macbeths. It is this Banquo about whom this essay will revolve.    In Fools of Time: Studies in Shakespearean Tragedy, Northrop Frye explains the rationale behind Banquo's ghost in this play:    Except for the episode of Hercules leaving Antony, where mysterious music is heard again, there is nothing really supernatural in Shakespeare's tragedies that is not connected with the murder of the order-figures. In Macbeth we have Banquo's ghost instead of Duncan's, partly because of the emphasis on the repose that Duncan has gained by getting murdered, and partly because the line of the reigning monarch descends from Banquo. (24)    In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson says that the ghost of murdered Banquo has the greatest emotional impact on Macbeth of any adverse experience:    He is confident enough, even after the commission of the crime, to put his faith in the Senecan maxim, per scelera semper sceleribus tutum est iter, "Things bad begun make strong themselves by ill." After he has been shaken by the appearance of the ghost of Banquo, he reflects,    For mine own good All causes must give way. I am in blood Stepp'd in so far that, should I wade no more, Returning were as tedious as go o'er;    and this is as near as he ever comes to repentance. (71)    Fanny Kemble in "Lady Macbeth" contests the opinion that the ghost of Banquo is seen at the same time by Lady Macbeth:      Taking the view I do of Lay Macbeth's character, I cannot accept the idea (held, I believe, by her great representative, Mrs. Siddons) that in the banquet scene the ghost of Banquo, which appears to Macbeth, is seen at the same time by his wife, but that, in consequence of her greater command over herself, she not only exhibits no sign of perceiving the apparition, but can, with its hideous form and gesture within a few fee of her, rail at Macbeth in that language of scathing irony . . . (117)    Clark and Wright in their Introduction to The Complete Works of William Shakespeare comment that Banquo is a force of good in the play, set in opposition to Macbeth:

Thursday, July 18, 2019

Pathogens :: essays research papers fc

Emerging Waterborne Pathogens In today’s food preparation world waterborne pathogens are becoming a real threat. Why? Simply because in today’s culture people are quick to blame the food industry for most cases of disintary or other ill effects caused by bacteria. In this paper several things will be discussed. To understand what I’m trying to say, you must understand a few key terms. First lets define waterborne pathogen. A waterborne pathogen is a micro-organism whose ability to cause disease has recently been identified. Now that you know what a waterborne pathogen is lets name a few. 1. Bacteria in the form of, Arcobacter Butzleri Helicobacter Pylori And E. Coli 2. Viruses Rotaviruses and Adenoviruses Type 40 and 41 3. Protozoa Acanthamoeba. Each of these possible pathogens has been identified but according to the WRc’s â€Å"Final Report to the Department of the Environment on Waterborne Pathogens,† it is still possible that several unidentifie d pathogens may be at large and dangerous. In order to understand how these pathogens work, and how to destroy them we must understand several of the parts that make them up. Some of these parts are: Morphology Biochemical Characteristics Detection Methods Cultural characteristics Health Effects Routes of Transmission Occurrence in Water Sources Sources of Exposure and Susceptibility to removal or inactivation by conventional water treatment processes. Each of these parts is used in today’s world to identify and destroy existing, and new pathogens. What happens if someone ingests a pathogen before it is identified? Well that is one reason that the Department of the Environment is so concerned. Due to current environmental status new pathogens are appearing semi-daily, and consequently overwhelming those who are working to stop them. One major example of this is Legionella. Legionella is unique in the fact that 42 strains have been identified, and yet only one is within our ab ility to control. So obviously there is a major shortage of knowledge on pathogens, and how to control them. According to the WRC’s report to the Department of the Enviroment â€Å"The threat which is posed by an organism to contaminate water supplies and cause outbreaks always exists,† and furthermore they state that â€Å"The threat which is posed by an organism, in terms of its occurrence and distribution in water sources and the ability to remove it is often poorly understood and or completely unknown.† Does this alarm anyone else? Just the thought that our government admits that there are diseases out there that we have no ability to control is alarming.

Albee and Twain: Demystifying an American Dream

Albee and Twain: Demystifying an American Dream â€Å"What Happens to a dream differed? / Does it dry up / like a raisin in the sun / Or fester like a sore- / etc. And then run? / Does it stink like rotten meat? / Or crust with sugar over- / like a syrupy sweet? / Maybe it just sags / like a heavy load / Or does it explode? † ——– Langston Hughes American Dream was a term that first appeared in James Truslow Adams’s The Epic of America, where he states The American Dream is â€Å"that dream of a land in which life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement. It is not a dream of motor cars and high wages merely, but a dream of social order in which each man and each woman shall be able to attain to the fullest stature of which they are innately capable, and be recognized by others for what they are, regardless of the fortuitous circumstances of birth or position† (Adams, 1931) It is this land; Twain throws Huck and Jim to endure the hardships of life, to experience the thrown-Inness of being born into the world unprepared, without choice. Long considered as a â€Å"quest for freedom†, Huck-Finn essentially is as M. Cox puts it â€Å"a flight from tyranny, not a flight for freedom† (Cox, p172-173, 1966). Freedom is essentially a relative term, and freedom may manifest itself in physical and psychological realms. Half of the world still considers itself honored under the nomenclature of â€Å"The Commonwealth†, illustrates the limitation of physical freedom alone. One dreams in order to maintain that freedom, but as Schumacher put it, â€Å"The greatest deprivation anyone can suffers is to have no chance of looking after himself and making a livelihood†, depriving one of one’s existence and consciousness of being free. Kumar, p2672, 1991). Being a Post-American Dream novel, Twain did not go to the extent to overthrow the entire socio-political system to emphasize the impossibility and superficiality of American dream. Europeans found the dark lands flourishing with immense economical and religious opportunities. The idea was perhaps that opportunities could not be isol ated to lands, and certainly these â€Å"islands† cannot claim to provide equality and recognition to people of all races and creed, when its own socio-political apparatus is plagued with racism and lack of consciousness. With Huck and Jim, the racial discrimination prevalent in America was laid bare. Twain does not talk about conscience as a mode of judgment of human actions; rather he infused the transcendental viewpoint of intuition and innate human instincts as the basis of making choices. Conscience, which are essentially derived from society, the learned distinction between good and bad, contrary to black and white, are merely â€Å"false constraints upon natural behavior. Such constraint is what Huck rejects† (Burg, p303, 1974), something which is apparent when Huck says â€Å"always do whichever [right or wrong] come handiest at the time†. There can be no geographical location which can encompass this distinctness of human quality, to change with time as the instincts indicate may be not dictated or etched in law, and no moral order of society could circumscribe the complexity and vastness of intuition. We must not expect Twain to propound any moralistic view regarding the confrontation of races in Huck-Finn. Although set in the past, the novel peeps into the future and without dealing with complexities of master-slave psychodynamics, interprets the nature of ‘freedom’, something which seems to suggest that psychological freedom is hard to achieve in a night with such thing as an ‘Emancipation Proclamation’. If organizations like â€Å"Afro–American Unity†, â€Å"Society of African Culture† and resistance fronts like â€Å"Operation Breadbasket† and â€Å"Don’t Buy Where You Can’t Work† were all prevalent during even the late 1960s, suggesting the fact that the whole concept of American dream was unacceptable to most of the black Americans. The final chapter of Huckleberry Finn which is often considered as a â€Å"chilling descent† is not a flaw in architectural unity, but a denial of celebration of freedom which one would expect from Jim’s liberation. Twain deliberately de-romanticizes and trivializes the whole concept of freedom, since the idea of equality and opportunity was â€Å"White American†; the one who was aware of his past and ensured about his recognition, nativity of his own culture and tradition, the one who assumed the nationality of a land which captured. The slaves, who by now formed the consciousness of a community and not the citizen, was more concerned with their individual identity as Joanna Zangrando puts it â€Å"the quest for black liberation is a search for what whites no longer possess in full measure; a clear and purposeful sense of self identity† (Zangarando, p154, 1970). Jim’s never been and would never be free unless he acquires an identity like the slaves of the African culture did. A slave in Nigeria, would still be a Nigerian, while Jim, does not figure into that frame of nationality, and neither into that ‘dream’ which an ‘American’ saw. The concept of American Dream was built upon the pillars formed by the dislocated and reluctant hands of the slaves, akin to what the Romans did, and just like them, came down the fabrication of entire dream, devastated, stranded and lost. Nationality is not just one issue that can be talked about in reference to American dream. Societal dynamics function through interaction of power, authority and influence. It can well function without the aesthetic and poetic representation of human development. And in a society devoid of sustainable archaic references, financial status does become a determining parameter of individual growth. Although not implicit in the original idea of James Turslow, but economic influence finds its manifestation in the American dream of the common man. Such aspects find distinct voice in Albee’s works which revolve around the social fabric. The general view that â€Å"Edward Albee's plays are ferocious attacks on lethargy and complacency in American society† and â€Å"a savage denial that everything is just dandy† receives a nod from Albee himself (Albee, p8, 1961) and he goes on to confirm his own claim with Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf, a play through which historicity speaks out for entire American civilization. How subjects receive names is also interesting. While George corresponds to the then president of United States and Martha being her wife, Albee certainly hits the nail on the head, illustrating a family whose life is drowned deep into the artificialities manufactured under in the social machinery. Near the end of the second act of Who's Afraid of Virginia Wolf, George, the professor of history, is left alone onstage while Martha, his wife, and Nick are playing the preliminary rounds of â€Å"hump the hostess† in the kitchen. Attempting to control his hurt and anger he reads aloud from a book he has taken from the shelf, â€Å"And the West, encumbered by crippling alliances and burdened with a morality too rigid to accommodate itself to the swing of events must eventually fall† (II, 174). George is clearly encumbered with a crippling alliance in his marriage to Martha and does seem to be burdened with a kind of morality that makes it difficult for him to respond in kind to her vicious attacks. At the same time, this observation on the movements of history, read in connection with the events of George's personal history, is a splendid example of how Albee has managed to endow the events of the family drama with a deeper significance, suggestive of larger events and movements. Upon the historicity and it’s relation to American Dream, Holton writes â€Å"One of the principal myths on which this country was founded was the notion that America was a New Eden, a second chance ordained by God or Providence in which man could begin all over again, freed from the accumulated sin and corruption of Western history† (Holton, p47, 1973). With Holton’s comment, we move yet closer to the objective of this paper, that not only could the American become a New Adam and found upon the unspoiled continent an ideal human polity, but this new way of life and new order of society could serve as a shining example to redeem erring Europe from her own sinfulness. Such a dream was essentially impossibility in an imperfect world where multitudes dream their own dreams. Thus the majority of American historians, says David Noble, have been Jeremiahs, decrying America's involvement within the transitory patterns of European history and calling Americans back to their duties and obligations (Nobles, p4, 1965). With such a catastrophic dream at hand, the people of American couldn’t have gone far with the nightmare it was to cast. It was not unprecedented, as such a crumbling of social order already shook the British machinery where ‘The Angry Young Man’ was invented during the mid of twentieth century who looks back in anger and, shouts â€Å"I’d love to live too†¦ But I must say, it’s pretty dreary living in the American age† (Osborne, p9-14, 1954). This disillusionment and dissatisfaction with life and lack of recognition in society, was soon realized in America as well. In fact the three acts of the play titled â€Å"Fun and Games†, â€Å"Walpurgisnacht† and â€Å"Exorcism† may be said to illustrate the historic passage of American civilization; from innocence to guilt to madness. America which began as an un-spoilt continent, convinced that it was unique in human history to create a perfect society, just like the Germans once thought, in a race of differentiation, cut themselves from European tradition and history, in effect ‘killed’ its parents. But how can one neglect the parenting they once received in Europe, when memories transform into haunting, only by retreating into madness can one escape the vicissitudes of history. Again in the words of Holtan, â€Å"Both George and Martha indicate at various points that â€Å"back there,† â€Å"in the beginning,† â€Å"when I first came to New Carthage,† there might have been a chance for them. That chance was lost and now their â€Å"crippling alliance† exacts its toll from both of them† (Holtan, p48, 1973). Finally, what Johnson perceived with his panoramic eye while surveying â€Å"mankind from China to Peru† (Johnson, p50, 1749), acknowledging the universality of human behavior, holds true for any nation any â€Å"island† claiming to become land of opportunity. Freedom again is a responsibility, that functions under a collective consciousness of â€Å"being free†, consequently â€Å"whoever, in man's universal condition, chooses freedom chooses it for everybody† concludes Franz Adler (Adler, p284, 1949). Similarly an idea that negates the masses, devoids itself the potential of transformation into a phenomenon, its localization soon consumes its very presence with time. References: Adams, James, Truslow, The Epic of America, Simon Publications, 2001. Adler, Franz, The Social Thought of Jean-Paul Sartre, The American Journal of Sociology, Vol. 55, No. 3 (Nov. , 1949), The University of Chicago Press. Albee, Edward, The American Dream, Coward-McCann, Inc. , New York, 1961. Burg, David, F. , Another View of Huckleberry Finn, Nineteenth-Century Fiction, Vol. 29, No. 3, University of California Press, 1974. Cox, James, M. , Mark Twain, The Fate of Humour, Princeton University Press, 1966 Johnson, The Vanity of Human Wishes, edited by Harriet Raghunathan, Worldview Publications, 2004, New Delhi. Noble, David, W. , Historians Against History, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, 1965. Osborne, John, Look Back in Anger, edited by Neeraj Malik, Worldview Publications, 2002, New Delhi. Schumacher, E. F. , Dilemmas of Measuring Human Freedom, Kumar, K, G, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. 26, No. 47, Economic and Political Weekly, 1991. Zangrando, Schneider, Joanna, Zangrando, L. Robert, Black Protest: A Rejection of the American Dream, Journal of Black Studies, Vol. 1, No. 2, Sage Publications, Inc. , 1970.

Wednesday, July 17, 2019

Barefoot running

fun is one of the major sports in the worldly foreboding with caterpillar tread being the key event. The major debate relating to hoof it race concerns the benefits of rail shoeless(prenominal) over travel rapidly in blank space. Hersher (2010) fights that on that point is a growing trend of athletes discharge shoeless and taking on the life-style of thrashning unshoed. Quite a publication of well known international athletes deport effectively completed manifest backside. Bargon plunk fountainning in long distance events is all the way not a hindrance to feat (Montgomery, 2010).Numerous studies direct been conducted to determine the most countenance mode of dressing during trail this includes functionning in raiment and shoeless running. Proponents of bare introduction running, as indicated by Montgomery (2010), argue that it enhances cull biomechanics and also reduces essay to injury. My concern on the issue of unshod running augmentd subsequentl y realizing that quite a number of runners complete in bare feet during major events. This review is aimed at screening that running unshoed increases performance and reduces the gamble of injury.Benefits of barefoot running Studies, according to Barkoviak (2010), gain revealed that populate who run barefoot extensively avoid heel-striking and instead land on the mid section of the foot. As a result these runners utilise the architecture of the foot and limb in addition to somewhat physics devised by Isaac Newton to retain damaging and potentially hurtful effects, which are two to three times disturb the body weight, that shod heel-strikers repeatedly support through (Warburton, 2001).barefoot runners are at an usefulness as compared to those who run in shoes, because they military issue their feet to minimal damage due to the occurrence that they hold their feet differently (Hersher, 2010). They land on the midsection or the front of their foot thereby greatly reduci ng concern collision. People who run in shoes, on the early(a) hand, gene vagabond a precise high collision impact when they heel-strike. unshoed runners run to land with a spunky step toward the front of the foot. unshod runners also tend to stretch out their toes more(prenominal) at landing this helps them avoid collision by reducing the effective weight of the foot that suddenly comes to a stop after landing and through a resilient leg (McDougall, 2010). A lot of deal think that barefoot running is on the hook(predicate) and hurtful, but in reality an several(prenominal) can run on the worlds hardest and roughest surfaces without experiencing both discomfort or pain. However heel-striking is direful when running barefoot (McDougall, 2010).This is because it causes a great collisional force every time a foot lands on the ground. Modern running shoes are designed in such a way as to make heel-striking comfortable and easy. The padded heels, of recent shoes, reduce the force of impact and as a result make heel-striking less punishing. However, people who run in shoes only use a scurvy percentage of their leg muscles. On the contrary, barefoot runners use different muscles of their legs (Warburton, 2001). As a result the strength of their calf and foot muscles is developed rapidly (Warburton, 2001).Studies, as Barkoviak (2010) asserts, have revealed that damage to the foot muscles is higher in people who run in shoes as compared to those who run barefoot. It has been discovered that continuing damage to bone and connective create from raw material in the legs are uncommon in developing countries, where people usually run barefoot, as compared to developed countries, where it is rare to make up ones mind a person running barefoot (McDougall, 2010). racetrack shoes tends to aggravate the risk of plantar fasciitis in addition to other chronic damage of the lower outgrowth through adjusting the transfer of shock to muscles as well as other brea d and butter structures (Montgomery, 2010).Montgomery (2010) argues that running in shoes makes the wee muscles in the legs to weaken, and the connective tissue and vivid arches to stop functioning properly. enclothe move into orthotics as well as duplication padding, which results in poor foot biomechanics and increase in the risk of damage to the foot, leg, and the knees (Hersher, 2010). Muscles, tendons, and ligaments of barefoot runners are stronger as compared to those who run in shoes. This strength helps them develop a more natural gait thereby improve the balance of athletes along with helping them hobble connected with their environment. unshoed running is also economically honest, in regards to the energy cost of running, as compared to running in shoes. Research, according to Barkoviak (2010), has shown that increase the amount of mass on the feet increases the rate of type O consumption. Running barefoot is as Warburton (2001) argues, beneficial as it reduces the rate of group O consumption thereby enabling athletes to repugn effectively. However, as a disadvantage, it is impossible to run barefoot in some live on conditions due to minimal foot protection. Running shoes are very beneficial in extreme weather conditions as they play a protective role.Conclusion shoeless running is more beneficial a compared to running in shoes. There is a growing trend of athletes going shoeless and taking on the lifestyle of running barefoot. Proponents of barefoot running argue that it enhances foot biomechanics and also reduces risk to injury. People who run barefoot greatly avoid heel-striking and utilize the whole architecture of the foot and leg thereby enhancing the development of their foot muscles, ligaments and tendons. cost to bone and connective tissue in the legs is less common in people who run barefoot.Muscles, tendons, and ligaments of barefoot runners are stronger as compared to those who run in shoes. Running barefoot is beneficial as it reduces the rate of oxygen consumption thereby enabling athletes to compete effectively. Reference Barkoviak M. , (2010), Study Running Barefoot Better Than Wearing Running Shoes, Retrieved on may 1, 2010 from http//www. dailytech. com/Study+Running+Barefoot+ Better+Than+Wearing+Running+Shoes/article17535. htm Hersher R. , (2010), Barefoot running easier on feet than running shoes New research castsdoubts on some major assumptions, retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http//harvardscience. harvard. edu/foundations/articles/barefoot-running-easier-feet-running-shoes McDougall C. , (2010), Born to Run A mysterious Tribe, Superathletes, and the Greatest Race the World Has Never, ISBN 0307279189 vintage Books Montgomery B. , (2010), Barefoot Running Should You desolate Your Running Shoes and Bare it in all? Retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http//walking-runningtraining. suite101. com/article .cfm/barefoot-running Warburton M. , (2001), Barefoot Running, retrieved on May 1, 2010 from http //www. sportsci .org/jour/0103/mw. htm

Tuesday, July 16, 2019

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Prejudice, Stereotyping, and Discrimination Essay

Women and men use stereotypes to create sense of the planet.† (Feenstra, 6. 1 Prejudice, stereotypes, logical and discrimination, para 1). Prejudice is a negative belief or feeling (attitude) about a particular group of individuals. Prejudices can be passed on from one generation to the next.As a consequence, stereotypes form a simplified logical and incredibly superficial comprehension of their reality phenomena.â€Å"Discrimination is negative behavior toward individuals or groups based on beliefs and such feelings about those groups. A group you are a part of is called your ingroup. Ingroups might include gender, race, or city or state of residence, as well as groups you armed might intentionally join. A group you are not a part of is called your outgroup.

There are just twenty two minor kinds of discrimination.The world was a changing place; many times, we saw and heard prejudice, stereotyping, and discrimination at its worst. Unfortunately, we are seeing the same types of prejudices, stereotyping, and discrimination going on today; especially since the â€Å"9-11† attacks and with the â€Å"Occupy or 99%† movement going on today. Social identities depend on the groups to which people belong.Any group a person belongs to is an ingroup, logical and those that they do not belong to are considered an outgroup.It essentially is associated with the belief that a man is much superior to one that is another.And outgroup homogeneity bias blinds us to the differences within the outgroup. † (Feenstra, 6. 1 Social Cognitive origins of prejudice and stereotypes, para 2). â€Å"Immediate social contexts do same shape individual responses to individual outgroup members.

Prejudice doesnt rely with people.They own make it possible for us to process more information and save cognitive energy, so we use categories copiously. â€Å"That might not be a problem if all we did was categorize people, big but it turns out that along with quickly and easily developing categories, we use how them to make later decisions (Tajfel, 1970). † (Feenstra, 2011, 6. 2 Categorization, para.It contributes to discrimination.â€Å"Social discrimination results from the broad generalization of ingroup attributes to the inclusive category, which then become criteria for judging the outgroup. Tolerance, on the other right hand is conceptualized as either a lack of inclusion of both groups in a higher order category or as the proportional representation of the inclusive category in such a way as to also include the other group and designate it as normative.† (Mummendey & Wenzel, 1999, P. 158).

It could be spread by the use of propaganda.d. , P. 10). Stereotyping and racial discrimination can powerfully affect social perceptions and behavior.Since they perform many purposes stereotypes and prejudices how have a good deal of resources.d. , P. 19).Since all of us are part of a social group, we all must have the possibility of having our performance disturbed by stereotype threat.

Competition for funds may additionally fresh produce bias.d. , P. 11). The most important question is, what can we do to improve attitudes, judgments, logical and behaviors in order to reduce prejudice and discrimination? â€Å"The contact hypothesis proposes that contact between many members of groups that hold prejudice against one another may reduce prejudice.Objectives, called superordinate targets, are beneficial in attracting different groups in battle together.Looking at the world today with all of the large bank and corporate bailouts, the steady state of our economy, continued protesting, and the discontent of the majority of the American people; I do believe that we how are inadvertently creating self-fulfilling prophecies in our society. In Self-Fulfilling Prophecies, Michael Biggs states, â€Å"A theory of american society could, in principle, prove self-fulfilling.Marxism predicts that capitalism is fated to end in revolution; if many people believe in the theory , then they could forment revolution (Biggs, 2009). † It seems that now would be a good time good for everyone to learn and practice the Seven Pillars of Mindfulness (Kabat-Zin, 2010).

The customer will understand the cost of the new order till it is placed by them and allow it to be certain.6 Conclusion). References Biggs. M. (2009).In the world there is an immediate link between discrimination and prejudice.uk/~sfos0060/prophecies. pdf Feenstra, J. (2011). Introduction to social psychology.

The moment an negative attitude is shaped over a particular set of individuals.Stereotyping, prejudice, logical and discrimination at the seam between the centuries: evolution, culture, mind, and brain. European new Journal of Social Psychology (30), 299-322. Retrieved from http://www2. psych.Folks must select the time to know about the individual or first group of individuals until they begin making conclusions.Mindful Attitudes. Retrieved from http://mindfulworkshops. com/? tag=non-judging. Mummendey A.

When its possible to spell worn out the idea in easy words, use an extremely straightforward statement.3, No. 2, 158-174. Retrieved from http://dtserv2. compsy.Three other theorists ideas play a important part in the movie.(n. d. ). The psychology of prejudice, stereotyping and discrimination: An overview.

In non violence issues resulting In this, and at times crime, aroused.Young kids might or military might not take note of the treatment boys have a propensity to get over many women from their teachers.What might be a history of the individual to an summary of the, likewise.Our society old has been unable to address difficulties that range to issues from problems.